The Study On Zhenjing-Kewen And His Zen Thoughts

The dissertation tries to make connections with concrete historical background and analyze Zhenjing-Kewen(????)'s ideologies,behaviors and so on by means of collating all sorts of his literature,then afresh evaluates him.Kewen was a master who had a high virtue and a glorious name in the Huanglong school in mid-late Northern Song Dynasty.He was praised as“the typical master of his age and the model master after him”.His Zen thoughts were characteristic of integrating Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism.And his criticism of the problems which existed in the Zen sect has a very big impact on future generations.Hence,through the study of Kewen and his Zen thoughts,we could not only learn a great master's whole spirit,but also comprehend the internal logic of the evolution of Zen thoughts and the characteristics of Zen methods in Song Dynasty.This paper is divided into six chapters.In the first chapter,after briefly introduces the development of Zen thoughts in the middle and late period of the Northern Song Dynasty,Kewen's learning experience after became a Buddhist monk and the experience of served as the abbot of five temples have been elaborated.The second chapter introduces Kewen's excellent disciples and some famous officials and scholars who contacted with him closely when he was the abbot of five temples during 30 years,and the major content of the later is the research of the fact that Zhenjing-Kewen went sightseeing and talk about Zen thoughts with Wang Anshi,SuZhe,Zhang Shangying and Huang Tingjian.The third chapter introduces the theory of mind and method of cultivation in Zhenjing-Kewen's Zen thoughts,Zhenjing-Kewen inherited the thought of Hongzhou Zen school as well as corrected the malady of it which happened in his period,his emphasis on the“Buddha Nature”was an inheritance of the basic spirit of Hongzhou Zen,however,he advocated the people should came back to the realm of Initial enlightenment by realizing Buddha Nature was the respond to the malady of Donglin-Changzong(????)'s unadorned Zen(???).The fourth chapter introduces Zhenjing-Kewen's attitudes towards language and his practices in language.In conclusion,Zhenjing-Kewen's attitudes towards language was not depend on language with not be away from language,and in the practice,the“youxi sanmei”(????)in Kewen's language implied that the language couldn't express Buddha Dharma directly and completely.The fifth chapter introduces the comprehensive feature of Zhenjing-Kewen's Zen thoughts,he absorbed the Confucian ethics and affirmed Taoism's thought of“Gui Wu”(??).And Zhenjing-Kewen integrated the theoretical aspect of Buddhism sect,Jingtu and five school of Zen into his Zen thoughts.The sixth chapter introduces the influences of Zhenjing-Kewen's Zenthoughts,Kewen's attitudes towards language influenced his disciples,among which,the impact on Huihong-Juefan's Literary Zen(???)was particularly significant.And Kewen's followers who influenced by his“youxi sanmei”expressed ideas in a humorous language.On the other side,Zhantang-Wenzhun(????)'s criticism to“zhaozhaolingling”Zen(?????)and Dahui-Zonggao(????)'s criticism to Silent Zen(???)were deeply influenced by Zhenjing-Kewen that he had paid much attention to enlightenment and Buddha Nature.With the declining of the Huanglong branch and the rising of the Yangqi branch in history,Kewen's Zen thoughts had influenced the evolution of the whole Zen sect for a long time.