Revolution,Civil War And External Interference:A Study Of The Congo Crisis(1960-1963)

With the end of the World War ?,the world did not enter a period of peace and development,but a long period of tense confrontation.First of all,because of the differences in ideology and national interests,the United States and the Soviet Union began to divide their sphere of influence and compete for world hegemony throughout the world after the war,which profoundly affected postwar international relations.Secondly,in order to avoid getting involved in the international struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union,a large number of emerging third world countries began to move towards political unity on the world political stage and play an important role;thirdly,the contradiction between the colonial people's struggle against colonization and the colonial powers' refusal to give up their colonial interests is an important part of international relations in the early postwar period.Finally,after independence,Asian-African countries,which had long been under colonial rule,were unable to cope with complex domestic and foreign environments,which led to numerous internal contradictions.The Congolese crisis of 1960-1963 was the focus of these major postwar contradictions.This paper focuses on the competition and game of various forces during the outbreak of Congo crisis from 1960 to 1963 and its development and solution.Since the beginning of independence,there have been conflicts within Congo,where nationalist leaders' decolonisation campaign has led to collusion between Belgium,a former colonial power,and local separatists,triggering the Congo crisis that has drawn the world's main powers into it.The crisis,with the fall of the Lumumba government as the demarcation point and presents a phased feature.During the Lumumba administration,in order to appease European allies and avoid excessive involvement in the periphery of the cold war,the United States insisted that Belgium take control of the situations in the Congo,and resolutions issued by the United Nations under its control favoured Belgium;While the Soviet Union hoped to spread Communism by supporting the anti-colonization movement in the third world countries,the African region was neither its traditional sphere of influence nor geographically far away and on the brink of the Cold War.As a result,Soviet support for Congolese nationalists was extremely limited;Belgium was concerned that the Lumumba administration would endanger its colonial interests and therefore assisted the local separatists in establishing a so-called "independent government";the Third world powers are weaker at this time,and the United Nations remains,to a large extent,the will of the United States.Lumumba was eager to expel the colonists and restore national unity,and turned to the Soviet Union when he turned to the United Nations and the United.States for no help.this led to collusion between domestic and foreign reactionary forces and the overthrow of the Lumumba administration.The situation changed after the pro-western moderate government came to power.First of all,a large number of emerging third world countries joined the United Nations,thus changing the balance of power of the United Nations and the United States gradually losing control;secondly,the United States and Belgium endorsed the new Congolese Government and turned to take a position of support for the central government;and thirdly,in this period,the Soviet Union fell behind in the struggle for hegemony with the United States,and mainly through the United Nations to fight with the United States on the Congo issue;fourthly,the moderate government adopted more effective strategies in resolving the crisis.Finally,the Congo crisis under the combined action of internal and external factors temporarily ended.The Congo Crisis of 1960-1963 contained the interaction between the major forces of the world and with the various forces within the Congo,and its end was the result of the combined action of these factors.In the short term,the central government expelled the former colonial powers,ended regional secession and restored national unity.But in the long run,the imposed Western democracies are incompatible with their national conditions,irreconcilable contradictions,long periods of chaos and the alternation of strong autocratic rule have long overshadowed the Congo since then,the Third World countries in a changing world will eventually find their way out in their own historical development track.