The Establishment Of Kiungchow Customs And Kiungchow Pass Trade During The Late Qing Period

Hainan Island's unique geographical location makes it a navigation advantage.Since the Song Dynasty,Hainan Island maritime trade has been developed,and and there are corresponding trade administration agencies,which is the historical origin of Hainan's customs establishment.The opening of the modern Kiungchow Port and the establishment of the Kiungchow Customs were milestones in the history of Hainan's trade.While promoting Hainan Island's opening to the outside world,Hainan Island's foreign trade is more frequent than before.However,due to the time background and Hainan's own conditions,the trading of Kiungchow Port in the late Qing Dynasty also showed its uniqueness.In recent years,the historians have obtained a lot of results on the port trade,but the study on the Kiungchow Port is not systematic.Compared to the trade in the Republic of China,the trading research in the port of Kiungchow in the late Qing Dynasty was relatively lacking.Therefore,it is necessary to study the Kiungchow Port: not only can the study of the Kiungchow Port and the Kiungchow Customs have more depth and breadth,but also it can be of great significance to the economic development of Hainan and the construction of the “Bridgehead”of the 21 st Century Maritime Silk Road.The statistical data on the trade of the Jones Customs is a rare historical source.Based on this,this article attempts to use the historical records of the Hainan modern economy and trade in conjunction with the history of the Hainan customs and the history of economics and other theories to study the trade of Kiungchow during the late Qing period as the research object and analyze the Kiungchow.After the establishment of the Customs,the late Qing Dynasty trade and its social impact on Hainan,in order to enrich the study of Hainan's economy and trade,deepen the research on modern customs and port trade.The body of this article is made up of five sections.The first chapter analyze the origin of Hainan's customs;the second chapter discusses the opening of the Kiungchow trading port and the establishment of Kiungchow customs.It also analyzes the impact of customs establishment on Hainan's trade in light of the institutions and functions of Kiungchow customs.The trading status of the Kiungchow Port in the late Qing Dynasty was analyzed in terms of object and scope,trade routes,and structure of import and export commodities.The fourth chapter discussed the background,methods and scale of the laborious trade in Hainan at that time and the social impact;The movement and Hainan's social economy began to modernize to discuss the impact of trading in Kiungchow port in the late Qing Dynasty.Through the study,the final conclusions are as follows : because of economic aggression under the Western Powers,the Kiungchow port trade in the late Qing period had the following characteristics: the structure of import and export commodities was irrational;there was a trade deficit;while foreign trade was frequent but did not participate in the big cycle of international trade.However,foreign trade has promoted the beginning of population mobility in Hainan and the modernization of Hainan's economy.