Research On The Lohan Image Of Lingyan Temple Under The Influence Of Zen Thought

In the hall of the thousand Buddhas,the 40 colored figures of Luohan are the treasures of the Temple of Lingyan.The ancient literati gave it high praise: Liang Qichao had been named "the first plastic in the world" beside the temple;He Jing's poem,"Lingyan 40 luohan statue,all arouse the heart to talk." Liu haisu praised the "lingyan name plastic,the first in the world,with flesh and blood,vivid." During the Tang Dynasty,Buddhism was completely Chinese and formed Zen Buddhism.During the Song Dynasty,Zen was highly developed.During the Ming Dynasty,Zen Buddhism became more popular.Among them,the song God Zong xining three years,the imperial court on the spiritual temple to rectify.The abbot of lingyan temple is no longer handed down by the monks and apprentices of the temple,but the famous monk of the temple chosen by the court.This broke the former control of the Northern Zen on the Temple of Lingyan,formed "before and after the main monk,not a high reputation of virtue,the emperor does not let him easily presided over" the situation.Since then,the presiding of Ling Yan temple has been held by Zen monks.The image of Luohan in Lingyan Temple is influenced by Zen thought,which is manifested in the following aspects.First of all,from the perspective of the subject matter,there are ten disciples,sixteen luo han,eighteen luo han,five hundred luo han and senior monks involved.However,from the number,can be seen intuitively,Lingyan Temple,the color figure of the Luohan does not show all the above themes of the image of Luohan.In combination,they break down the inherent form and are not graded by subject matter,but put together in the same position.Second,from the facial features,or looking up,thinking,or slightly open eyes,quiet kind.Although each is different,but the performance is relatively moderate,does not exaggerate the state,appearsdemure oneself to hold oneself,reserved introverted.In the end,from the point of view of the gesture,either sitting with the sleeves down,or holding hands together,or speaking out,their movements are far removed from the patterns of the religious ritual,and even appear to be completely life-oriented.The Luo Han image in the Ling Yan temple contains rich aesthetic meaning.The Luohan statue of Lingyan Temple was influenced by Luohan painting and Buddhist statue in the form of the statue.In the aspect of sitting posture,I borrowed from the Buddhist statue of the knot sitting,half of the knot sitting,leaning;In the gesture aspect,reference from Buddhist statues.In facial modeling,the features of round head and long head are derived from Luohan painting,which is the continuation of the plump wind since the late Tang and the fifth dynasties.The specific facial features can also be found in Luohan painting source.In addition,the Luohan statue of Lingyan Temple was closely related to the social background.Under the active policies of the Song and Ming emperors and the active propaganda of the Monk Dade,political and financial support was provided for the Luohan statue of the Lingyan Temple.