On Marx's Thought Of "Historical Science"

About the attention of Marx's concept of "Historical Science",academic scholars mostly began with thematic discussions on the nature of "Historical Materialism."However,the discussion itself is something Marx himself opposed."Historical Science",as a historical,polemic concept,has its own unique internal rules and realistic orientation.To clarify the special status and logic of the concept of "Historical Science" in the course of Marx's thought is of great significance for us to grasp the whole history of Marx's philosophy.The concept of "science" in Marxist classic works was rooted in the scientific spirit of the German classical tradition:Wissenschaft.The etymology refers to "knowledge".In the general Materialism,"knowledge" comes from "Feeling" and "Experience",which is the understanding and grasp of the external "perceptual world" by the rational research method,but in essence it is still the reflection of the objective world in the human brain.However,different from traditional Materialism,the "perceptual world" in Marx's vision is not "ready-made," but is gradually generated through human "perceptual activities." It is produced in practice,verified in practice,and is also directed to practice.Marx made people's grasp of the "perceptual world" from "heavenly kingdom" back to "worldly" and transformed "non-human knowledge" into "science about human".Science is reasonably interpreted as the cognition and explanation of human's own "practical process",or the explanation and verification of the essential power of human;The reason why "Historical Science" is called "the only" science lies in the fact that Marx solved the most difficult problems of the "subject-object distinction" that has not been solved since ancient times.The key to eliminating "the separation of subject and object" lies in the "Practical principle" that Marx puts on the basis of "perceptual activity".In the historical process of "the transformation of nature into man",Marx is based on the "perceptual activity",which not only cast "the human nature of the natural world" and "the nature of nature of human" in social practice,but also unify "natural science" and "about human science" as the only "one science" that he admits;Thus,Marx realized the unity of principle of "sensibility" and "activity" and the unity of scientific rationality and value ideal,as well as the unity of "explaining the world" and"changing the world".Marx's "perceptual activity" principle has proved the "uniqueness" of science,but this "uniqueness" is not without the condition and the premise.On the contrary,it must be placed in the "Historicity" of human society.It can be said that science started from the practice of people's "material production and life" and tends to "return to the human".In essence,it is practice——the practice of "human",so it is the practice of "temporary,conditional" and "generation",which is the confirmation and embodiment of the real people's essential power.Therefore,we can sum up "Historical Science" as an explanation and confirmation of the essential power of human beings by taking"practice" as the foundation of existence and "historicity" as the basic stipulation.