On The Financial Power Of The Countries In Tongzhi And Guangxu Years From The Wasteland And Inventory Of Zhejiang Province

The financial competition between the central and local is one of the most important issues of the financial history of late Qing dynasty.With the weakening financial power of central governors after the Taiping rebellion,provincial governors brought additional fiscal power,leading to provincial authoritarian.These have mostly become final conclusions.As research continues,the additional fiscal power of provincial governors is being challenged.There is growing concern about the government of countries' role in the competition for finance.In Tongzhi and Guangxu years,the Qing government offered tax exemptions to the wasteland,giving up part of its financial power.In counties of Zhejiang,governors obtained financial power by imposing "rent" or "donate" from attracting immigrants for land reclamation.For example,the government of Wucheng sought extra-legal fiscal power from immigrants,resulting in the amphibolous attitude between indigenous and migrant families.In order to retract the financial power,Tan Zhonglin,the governor of Zhejiang province took inventory into the wasteland with state patronage in 1880.The inventory brought countries into a dilemma.Whether choose the official's performance,or the benefit of local finance.Countries run away from inventory by making apportionment among taxed files,which caused two riots in Changxing and Jiaxing.Tan's inventory ended in failure.The taxation of agriculture failed to recover until the end of Qing.Wasteland remained as "the wasteland for immigrants".Static fiscal revenue in Qing dynasty without land measurement during a long time,and dynamic fiscal expenditure,made a viable and compelling case for extralegal taxation.With the stress of disturbances,the superiors couldn't take strong measures to countries.The financial power of Zhejiang province shows that the relationship between the central and local finance is not a game between the central and provincial governor.The autonomous powers that counties charge through the taxation of wasteland remained for a long time.The competition between governors maintained the way society functions.