| Research Objects and SignificanceSince the reform and opening up,our country's economy has developed rapidly,the social change and the great abundance of material make people's attitude towards material and money change gradually,and people are more accepting or pursuing material and money.Materialism is an individual's value,a long and consistent belief in money and material wealth.At present,scholars' research on materialism has been increasing.However,there are few tools for measuring materialism.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to develop a Material Tendencies Scale,which is going to be used to measure the materialism tendency of the individual,and to make a preliminary application of the scale in the college students to analyze the relationship between the materialistic performance of college students and their well-being.Research MethodsThe literature method and interview method were used to form the item pool of the Material Tendencise Scale,and the item pool was deleted and modified by the methods of brainstorming,expert evaluation and so on.The content validity of the items were evaluated and the forecast version of the scale was determined.365 subjects were pre tested.Through the items analysis and exploratory factor analysis,the items were selected and the structure was determined.Finally,the final scale was determined by the reliability and validity test.The online survey was carried out by the network platform,using self-made general situation questionnaire,Material Tendencies Scale,Mental Health Continuum Short Form and the Satisfaction with Life Scale.991 valid questionnaires were recovered.Descriptive analysis,T test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the current situation of College Students' materialistic values.Correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA were used to explore the relationship between materialism and well-being.Results1.Item analysis showed that all items in the Material Tendencies Scale were well discriminate,and all the item identification index were above 0.5.2.The exploratory factor analysis determines that the Material Tendencies Scale includes 5 dimensions,namely material worship,material vanity,material interest,material pursuit and material desire,20 items in total.3.The results of confirmatory factor analysis were good,and the values of x2/df,GFI,AGFI,NFI,CFI and RMSEA were 3.747,0.941,0.923,0.917,0.937,0.053 respectively.4.The internal consistency reliability of the total scale and material worship,material vanity,material interest,material pursuit and material desire were 0.892,0.831,0.794,0.773,0.747 and 0.659.The half reliability of total scale and each dimension were 0.6 to 0.9.After 2 weeks,the retest reliability of the total scale and the dimensions were more than 0.7,indicating the scale has good reliability.5.The content validity of all items in the scale were excellent,with an average S-CVI(S-CVI/Ave)of 0.90,indicating that the scale could reflect the real situation of individual materialism.6.The correlation between the total scale and the dimensions were 0.6 to 0.8.The correlation between the 5 dimensions of the scale were between 0.3 to 0.6,proveing that the structure of the Material Tendencies Scale was good.7.With MVS as the standard,the total score and the dimensions of the scale were highly related to the total score and the dimensions of MVS,which proved that the validity of the scale was good.8.The total score of College Students was 53.36 ± 11.08 and the total average score was 2.67 ± 0.55.The scores from high to low were material pursuit,material worship,material interest,material desire and material vanity.9.There was no significant difference between the total score of materialism and the economic status of the family(P>0.05).There was significant difference between whether or not the only child,the grade and the residence(P<0.05).The non only child was lower than the only child(P<0.05);grade one was lower than two and four(P<0.01),and the grade three was lower than four(P<0.05);the total score of the college students in the big cities was higher than that of the rural college students(P<0.01).10.The evaluation criterion of materialism is that the individual at least 11 of the 20 items of the scale show high score(4-5)as a high materialist;at least 11 of the 20 items of the scale show low score(1-2)as a low materialist;and between the two is a medium materialist.There was a significant difference between the total scores and the scores of dimensions among the students of different materialistic level(P<0.001).11.There was a negative correlation between materialism and well-being and its dimensions(P<0.001),and the correlation of the two total scores was significant(r--0.252,P<0.001);there was a negative correlation between materialism and life satisfaction(P<0.001),and the correlation of the two total scores was significant(r--0.270,P<0.001);the well-being scores of low materialism group was significantly higher than that of the middle(P<0.001)and the high materialism group(P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between the middle and the high materialism group(P>0.05).12.Material worship and material desire were factors affecting emotional well-being,social well-being,psychological well-being and overall well-being,and the factor that affect psychological well-being included material interest.The results of four regression equations were statistically significant(P<0.001).Conclusions1.The Material Tendencies Scale is composed of five factors:material worship,material vanity,material interest,material pursuit and material desire.2.The Material Tendencies Scale had good reliability and validity,and can be used as an effective tool for the evaluation of materialistic values in the future.3.In this study,9.6%of college students belonged to high materialism,49.3%of them belonged to middle materialism,and 41.1%of them belonged to low materialism.College students have a strong desire to pursue material things,and think that the material can bring them more pleasant feelings.4.The only child's materialist level was higher than that of non only child;with the increase of grade,the level of materialism of college students was rising;the level of materialism of college students in big cities was higher than that of rural college students.5.Materialism had a negative impact on life satisfaction and well-being in many aspects.Material worship,material desire and material interest were the main factors affecting well-being,and high materialism was not conducive to the promotion of individual well-being. |
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