Holism-From Quine To Fodor

Holism believes that whole has the functions that parts do not have,therefore,we must observe the world in the perspective of holism.This opinion had been noticed in philosophy of science was benefit from Duhem,a French scientist who had a theory showed that because of the underdetermination of hypothesis,we can not decide whether a hypothesis is truth or not.Otto Neurath is a holism follower.His theory of Coherentism is a kind of strong opinion holism,which insists that we can change the base if we need to coordinate the premise and conclusion.Quine's holism can be summarized as: owing to the underdetermination of observational evidence,scientific theory can be empirically equal,but logically incompatible.The internal parts of the whole science is logically connected.With the underdetermination of theory,we need to revise theory when needed.After Quine,several philosophers like Davidson,Lewis,Dennett,Block and Churchland had stated their different views about holism,which surged holism to the focus of philosophers.Davidson came up with three ways to solve the problem of meaning theory.These theories are with holism,especially the principle of charity.Lewis believes that a radical interpreter's intent position must should have an appropriate constraint which is the acceptance of holism.Dennett's regulative principle followed Davison's principle of charity.Obviously,it's a view of holism.The conceptual role theory that the meaning of a phrase lies in the role it plays in the language or theory from Block indicates a kind of interpretation holism.Churchland chose to adapt a kind of weak holism,for replacing meaning individuality to meaning similarity.As a typical representative of sementic atomism,Fodor insist that concept is atomic,doubting the claim of holism from Quine and believing that holism will bring sorts of problems.First of all,Fodor thinks that Quine avoided interpreting statement in two dogmas,which makes it plausible.Hence,we need to explain the meaning of statement.He came up with three meaning and denied all of them,claiming that holism will bring infinite regress.Secondly,Fodor criticize inferential role semantics,for the compositionality of language.He claimed that the meaning of sentence is compositional,rather than holistic.Eventually,he presumed that if holism is right,then differentindividuals would never understand each other.This will lead to a collapse of psychology.We create a theory named STRF from holism and underdeterminationism.The explanation of this theory is that holistic whole belongs to whole,and whole is only consisted of whole and parts,nevertheless,holistic whole is consisted of non-function of its parts,instead of nonlinear function.From the perspective of logic,there are only two simplest factors: variable and non-truth function operator.Therefore,holistic whole can be totally determined by an equal new function's parts and the relationship between them,rather than parts and the relationship from itself.