Analysis Of Influence Of Buried Soil Environment On Cultural Relics

Cultural relics are extremely precious cultural heritage in the history of human development.In China,which has a long history of culture,many ancient buildings,ancient tombs and precious works of art with important academic values have been discovered.These precious historical relics are the important basis for scholars to study the development of human history,culture and art.In recent years,the impact of the environment on cultural relics has been highly valued by scientists at home and abroad.There are many environmental factors that affect cultural relics.Among them,the most closely connected with the cultural relics is the buried soil environment.Therefore,the study of the influence of various factors on the cultural relics in the soil environment helps to understand the corrosion behavior of cultural relics in the buried environment and provide more accurate reference materials for the archaeological work.In this paper,M16,M50 and M42 soil in a Gansu tombs were studied.By analyzing the physical and chemical properties of the soil,the different metals and metal forms,the content of yin and cations and the different distribution characteristics of the microbes in the soil,the possible effects of the cultural relics in the complex soil environment were discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:?1?Study on the distribution characteristics of different physical indexes showed that the water content of M16,M50 and M42 soils increased with depth,mainly distributed in the range of 4.58 to 20.59%;pH was all weakly alkaline,mainly in 8.05.The soils of M16,M50,and M42 are mainly loam and sandy soil,and the median diameters of the grain sizes are in the range of 0.508 to 88.71?m,19 to 64.25?m,and 38.95 to 70.53?m,respectively.According to the soil moisture content and the degree of drought,the three soils are relatively moist soils,and organic and inorganic cultural relics are prone to physical and chemical corrosion.?2?The distribution characteristics of metals show that the distribution of metals in buried soil is different,and there are different forms of existence,and the impact on cultural relics is mainly reflected by the occurrence of electrochemical reactions.?3?The distribution characteristics of cations and cations indicate that the distribution characteristics of cation and cation in buried soil are different.In the soil,anions such as F^-,CO₃^2-,SO₄^2-and cations such as Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺ions easily form insoluble salts and accumulate in the form of precipitates,and produce directional crystallization and hydration forces acting on the artifacts,causing the artifacts to be affected,so that the artifacts have been destroyed by pulverization.?4?The distribution characteristics of microorganisms showed that the average concentrations of microorganisms in soils of M16,M50,and M42 were 6.645×10⁴,1.2774×10⁴and 2.17×10⁵/gram,respectively.Among them,there were eight different species of bacteria,such as Cellulomonas and Aureobacterium,etc.They release bio-acids or enzymes,encircle cultural relics in the form of mosses and lichens,or use organic relics in tombs as carbon sources and energy,reducing the original strength of the cultural relics and causing degradation and corrosion.