Evolution And Deveelopment Of Haegeum In Qinglong District

Manzu Autonomous County of Qinglong once was the residential area of ancient Chinese ethnic group Xi,and they have established the Nation Yi in Zushan of Qinglong County.As Nation Yi dies out and Ethnic Group Yi disappears,many outstanding traditional national cultures gradually fade out.Haegeum,a folk instrument of Ethnic Group Yi,fails to be handed down from past generations in the long river of hisotry.In Manchu Autonomous County of Qinglong,the cultures of Ethnic Group Yi such as Haegeum etc.,have been explored and protected,which brings the culture of Ethnic Group Yi to the modern world.Haegeum is a String Instrument,which is originated from Xiantao as a hammered string instrument.It was introduced to the Central China in Tang Dynasty;once completely unknown or unrecognized,it later became the mainstream of royal instruments after a long period of time.In Song Dynasty,Haegeum transformed from the plucked stringed instrument to the rolling instrument,and then it integrated the Huqin Fiddle and became a String Instrument.Since then,the erhu-centered huqin family was formed.During Ming and Qing Dynasties,different types of music appeared,and Haegeum derives huqins of different forms and ranges.Another part of Haegeum was introduced to the Korean Peninsula,which became the Korean national instrument,Haegeum.The development of Haegeum in different areas and ethnic groups endows the symbolic string instrument with profound historical civilization.In this paper,based on the survey and investigations on the Haegeum of Qinglong area,the author mainly analyzes and discusses the three directions,combining musical archaeology and Music Bibliography and so on.Ⅰ.Valley Civilization of Qinglong River in areas of Qinglong County and Ethnic Group Yi as well as Haegeum culture.Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County is one of seminaries of Ethnic Group Yi,and it witnesses the rise and decline of Ethnic Group Yi.Many ancient literature and folk material proves that,Ethnic Group Yi had lived for more than 1000 years here in this land.Haegeum is the folk instrument of Ethnic Group Yi,andit constantly develops and evolves with the development of Ethnic Group Yi.Until today,thanks to the salvage and maintenance of Haegeum in Qinglong Manchu Autonomous County,Haegeum remains the most representative of the local musical instruments.Ⅱ.Haegeum is introduced to Central China and Korean Peninsula,with different development process.From folk instrument to royal music,from the accompaniment of musical instruments to the mainstream instruments,Haegeum has experienced a long period of time in Central China.In Korean Peninsula,Haegeum even developed into a solo instrument.The development of two directions proves the nonnegligible status of Haegeum as the predecessor of huqins.Ⅲ.In areas of Qinglong County,the traditional Haegeum is improved,mainly in materials and forms of Haegeum.However,the Korea improved four-string Haegeum integrates the advantages of violin,and makes new breakthroughs in the forms of Haegeum.The advantages and disadvantages is analyzed by comparing the traditional Haegeum,Qinglong improved Haegeum,Erhu and Korea improved four-string.Meanwhile,the author combines the Haegeum with “River of Sorrow”,a traditional music of erhu,and analyzes the String-rubbing technique of Haegeum meticulously.In areas of Qinglong County,Haegeum has an important position in the history of Chinese huqin,and for the endangered instruments,the artists and traditional culture fans in the areas of Qinglong County are making constant efforts to save and protect them.We need to select the essence and discard the gross and carry forward and inherit the culture of Haegeum when maintaining the features of Haegeum.