Politics And History: A Comparative Study Of Middle School History Textbooks Of Kuomintang-controlled Areas,Janpanese-controlled Areas And Revolutionary Base Areas(1937-1949)

Textbooks,as the carrier that express the ideology and values of the ruling class,are inevitably accompanied by a mandatory and unifying character.In summary,the textbooks of the Republic of China show a complex and diverse pattern.Especially after the outbreak of the anti-Japanese war in 1937,the political situation in the country became more complex and changeable due to the invasion of foreign enemies.The disparate regimes that arose along the way pay more attention to the use of textbooks to convey specific ideologies,and history textbooks bear the brunt of them.During this period,various political powers compiled and implemented "unified textbooks",which made the unity and obligatory nature of textbooks much stronger than before.In the Kuomintang Nationalist Government,the national government textbooks were promoted.The Japanese-controlled regimes represented by Wang Ching—wei,also promoted national textbooks within their controlled areas.The Chinese Communist Party has similar measures in the revolutionary base areas.On the other hand,the textbook of every regime is very different due to its different political positions.This is especially true of history textbooks that reshape the perception of people about history and reality.The differences and reasons behind this are particularly worthy of attention.In view of the past achievements and the characteristics of the research subjects,this article cuts in from a political perspective and puts the history textbooks for middle schools written in the Kuomintang area,the enemy-occupied areas and the base areas into the contemporary environment,and studies the deep reasons of writing history textbooks and their dynamic practice of every political forces from the Anti-Japanese War to the establishment of the People's Republic of Chin.It hopes to deepen the understanding of the overall picture of modern Chinese history textbooks.Based on the Kuomintang-controlled areas,Japanese-controlled areas,and revolutionary base areas,this article discusses the state of the history textbooks compiled by different regimes in three parts.The first part first discussed the background of the introduction of history textbooks in the Kuomintang-controlled region,and analyzed the political ideology and the motivation behind the writing of the contents of the book;finally,through the attitude of the parties to history textbooks,the actual implementation situation and the relationship with the currentsituation are examined.The second part mainly discusses the relevant situation of history textbooks in Japanese-controlled areas.First of all,it analyzes the motives of the implementation of historical textbooks by different regimes in the Japanese-controlled area;then,combining the notable contents of the book,it focuses on discussing the common basis and differences behind the historical writing of the different Japanese-controlled of regimes;finally,through typical cases,it examines the process of implementation of the history textbooks,it has been reshaped by reality,which in turn forms a realistic operating logic that deviates from the intention of the regime.The third part discusses the history textbooks of the revolutionary base areas.Firstly,it analyzes the general situation of textbooks in the revolutionary base areas and the emergence of history textbooks in the revolutionary base area;secondly,it discusses the internal narrative logic and deep motivation of the writing based on the key writing content of the history textbooks;and finally,it discusses the practical situation of the teaching of typical history textbooks in the revolutionary base areas.It discusses how history textbooks shape cognitive models of people in practice,and then influence the perception of people of history and reality.