Study On The Criminal Justice Of The Jilin In Qing Dynasty

From the ten years of Shunzhi in Ning Gu pagoda to Chang state Zhang Jing,to the Northeast reform of Guangxu thirty-three years,the criminal judicature in Jilin area involves many aspects of the main residents,such as the type of criminal cases,the judicial officials and the application of the penalty.No one has made systematic research on its criminal justice.Taking the criminal cases and judicial officials of Jilin as the research object,this paper studies the criminal justice in the general area of Jilin by Qianlong twenty-two years and Guangxu thirty-three years as the time limit,in order to have certain significance to the history of the judicial research in the three provinces of the Qing Dynasty.The article states three questions.The first question mainly discusses the status of the main residents and criminal cases in the general area of Jilin.Eight banners and foreign people is the main body of Qing Dynasty in Jilin residents.The economic disputes between the residents,the contradictions of the family and the conflict of the flag and the people make the criminal casesoccurin the Jilin frequently.According to the existing archives,These cases are divided into criminal cases:the bannerman case,the banner official crime,the banner and people case,not the case of naturalization of refugees,settled people's case and the exiled crime.The second issue is the focal point of this article.This part mainly discusses the judicial institutions of the General District of Jilin in the Qing Dynasty.The judiciary of the Jilin Banner Department and the judiciary of the people's are composed of the judicial institutions.It is divided into four levels,general,vice – capital,co-leader and leader.The general is mainly responsible for the issue of the arrest warrant and review the death criminal and exile punishment.The vice-capital is mainly responsible for the review of criminal cases.The co – leader is mainly responsible for the review of criminal cases.The leader is mainly responsible for judging criminal cases.After Yong Zheng,to adapt to the increase of Han people in Jilin,the Qing government has set up the Jilin hall,the Changchun hall and the Berdu hall.As a judicial institution in the territory of Jilin,they are responsible for the people's cases and banner's cases.However,the criminal cases above the prison sentenceshould be reported to the Deputy capital and the general,waiting for the review.The third problem is mainly trying Jilin's official of banner casesto explain the publicity of crime for "The law of the Qing Dynasty ".According to the offence's severity of the banner crime was sentenced to death and imprisonmen.In addition to a few military banner have a death penalty immunity,most people was sentenced to death.But for the criminal in prison,banner is on the basis of the "free sentence" law with stripe and fold.Till the middle times of Qing Period,due to increasing crime banner,the Qing government adjusted the law of "free to sentence",the re-offending privilege for banner continuously reduced until it disappeared,the general trend of "standardizing" appears in the legal relations between the banner and people.The relevant understanding in this article is based on the materials seen.The understanding may be limitations.After the day,more materials will be obtained later in order to get a more stable understanding.