Study On The Burial Custom With Destroyed Objects From Prehistory To Shang Dynasty In Central Plains

Burial with destroyed funerary objects is a special burial custom,which is originated in the Neolithic Age,prevailed in the Xia,Shang and Zhou Dynasties,and continued to develop after Qin and Han Dynasties.Based on the relevant archaeological materials,using the methods of archaeological typology and analysis of cultural factors,combined with the achievements of historical philology,ethnology and anthropology,this paper classifies,counts and analyses this burial custom from prehistoric to Shang dynasty in Central Plains.On the basis of determining the criteria for the burial custom,this paper analyses the discovery and difference of burial styles,the development and evolution of this burial,and the relationship with the surrounding areas.It also discusses the cultural connotation of the burial custom,and the relationship between it and its clan culture.The full text is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is an introduction.First,this paper defines the concepts of "Central Plains","Prehistoric to Xia and Shang Dynasties" and "Burial of Destroyed Funerary Objects",and briefly analyses the history and current situation of the research on burial with destroyed funerary objects in academic circles,as well as the purpose,significance and research methods of the topic.The second chapter is about the confirmation criteria and discovery of the special burial custom.The confirmation criteria of three types of this graves,i.e.funeral with destroyed objects,funeral with destroyed objects and sacrifice with destroyed objects,are put forward respectively.According to the statistics of the discoveries of this burial from prehistoric to Xia and Shang dynasties in Central Plains,it is believed that this custom can be traced back to Peiligang culture and appeared at the latest in Yangshao period,while the sacrificing custom with destroyed object may not happen until Longshan period.The third chapter is the study of the funeral mode of the burial with destroyed funerary objects.On the basis of dividing this burial into three types,this paper analyses the differences in the selection and placement of funerary objects,the differences in the selection of implements and the ways of destroying funerary objects in the burial graves,and the differences in the objects and sites of sacrificerelics with destroyed objects.It is concluded that the burial in different periods show different characteristics of burial style.The fourth chapter is the development and evolution of destroyed burial with destroyed objects and its relationship with surrounding areas.This paper reviews the development and evolution of this burial custom from prehistoric to Xia and Shang dynasties in Central Plains,and summarizes them into four stages: origin,formation,popularity and development,which correspond to the four periods of prehistoric,Xia dynasty,early Shang dynasty and late Shang dynasty respectively.The origin and development of the burial custom in the neighbouring areas of the Central Plains are roughly sorted out and compared with those in the Central Plains.It is believed that this burial in the Central Plains and its neighboring areas originated independently.With the expansion of Shang culture,the special burial custom in the Central Plains affected the neighboring areas.The fifth chapter is about other problems related to the burial with destroyed objects.This paper analyses the cultural connotations reflected by the three types of this burial custom,and holds that it generally reflects the spiritual concept of the ancestors and the thought of revering ghosts and gods.Exploring the relationship between the burial custom of destroying objects and cultural clans,and understanding the development and evolution of the burial custom from the perspective of ethnic groups.It is concluded that the changes of the ethnic groups is the main reason for the development and changes of the application scope and funeral style of the burial custom.The sixth chapter is the conclusion.Summarizing the viewpoints of the full text.