The Boxer Movement Under The Vision Of Foreign Newspapers Published In China

This paper is a case study.The research object are the news reports on the Boxer Movement in Wan Knoh Kung Pao.The purpose of this research is to make a discussion on the issue that how did Wan Knoh Kung Pao report the Boxer Movement.Therefore,it is also an issue that how to construct the standpoint of historical events.This paper is divided into five parts,including the preface,main body(from the first to the third chapter)and conclusion.The preface introduces the origin and reason of topic,research ideas,literature review and innovation point of the paper.In the literature review,this paper reviews the research of the Boxer Movement under the vision of news reports,dividing these research results into historical material compilations,monographs and academic papers.Through the analysis of these research results,we can find that only a more complete interpretation of the articles on the Boxer Movement can we gain a deeper comprehension of the standpoints.The first chapter "Young John Allen and Wan Knoh Kung Pao" introduces the development of Wan Knoh Kung Pao and the relationship between Young John Allen and Wan Knoh Kung Pao.Young John Allen 's various experiences in China enabled him to recognise that the development of news press plays an important role in the promotion of Christianity,which also also laid a certain foundation for the publication of Wan Knoh Kung Pao.Young John Allen started the publication of the Church News in 1868.The Church News converted its name to Wan Knoh Kung Pao in 1874,and it once stopped publication in 1883 due to the expenditure.In 1889,Wan Knoh Kung Pao resumed its publication as the official journal of the Christian Literature Society for China.From the Church News to Wan Knoh Kung Pao,what revealed was the variation of Young John Allen's thoughts,mainly in the contents of the newspaper,from religious information to timely news,especially the concern for Chinese affairs and the relationship between China and the world.Therefore,this laid the foundation of Wan Knoh Kung Pao 's reporting news about the Boxer Movement.The second and third chapter specifically analyzes how did Wan Knoh Kung Pao report news on the Boxer Movement.According to the contents,these items can be divided into dynamic reports and commentary articles.According to the second chapter,both the adjustment of Wan Knoh Kung Pao itself and(for the benefit of Christian Church)the focus on the conflict between Christians and non-Christians of Wan Knoh Kung Pao leaded to the result of covering the news about the Boxer Movement.After that,this chapter analyzes the resource of the news related to the Boxer Movement,which can be mainly divided into telegraphs,reprint and selections,also the letters of audience from various regions.Through the analysis of the content of these sources,we can find that they are opposed to the Boxer Movement.which also reflected the attitude towards the Boxer Movement of Wan Knoh Kung Pao.In the dynamic report on the Boxer Movement,this paper mainly analyzes the description of the organization structure(including image,organization form,weaponry)of the Boxers and the news items on the Boxer's "destruction"activities throughout China in Wan Knoh Kung Pao.Through the analysis of these contents,it can be found that under the influence of its Christian background and the position of Western newspapers,about the image of the Boxer Movement,what Wan Knoh Kung Pao represented was mainly the image of peasants' barbaric,negative and exclusive riot.The third chapter analyzes the comment on the Boxer Movement,mainly extended from three aspects.The first aspect is "About the Boxer Movement Itself,,which includes "the reasons for the outbreak of the Boxer Movement" and the“Impact of the Boxer Movement".About the reasons,the authors of different identities(the missionaries in China and Chinese intellectuals)expressed their point of views on the outbreak of the Boxer Movement.The authors of Wan Knoh Kung Pao had different interpretations of the reasons for the outbreak of the Boxer Movement,such difference revealed the newspaper's concern for Chinese society.About the impact,Young John Allen believed that the outbreak of the Boxer Movement would have an impact on the relationship between China and foreign countries and the military operations of the Big Powers in China.In the second aspect,"the Measures Dealing with the Boxer Movement Taken by the Government of Qing Dynasty",discusses the various attitudes and measures toward the Boxer Movement taken by the governments at all levels by the analysis of the laws and regulations published on Wan Knoh Kung Pao.Local governments had an attitude of opposition and suppression to the Boxers,but the differences among the regions were also more obvious.On the contrary,the attitude of the Central Government of the Qing Dynasty towards the Boxer Movement varied according to the different stage.In the beginning,the Central Government began to cooperate with the Boxer in military,but finally changed its attitude,from corporation to suppression.In the aspect of "the Relationship Between the Big Powers and the Boxers",mainIy analyses the Big Powers' military actions in China and the "negotiations" for peace in diplomacy between the Big Powers and China.Both Young John Allen and other western missionaries supported the Big Powers' sending troops to China and beautified such behaviour.What Young John Allen also deemed that the negotiation would not carve up but preserve China,which reflected that Young John Allen and Wan Knoh Kung Pao's defending the interests of the Big Powers in China.The conclusion discusses the historical value of the news reports about the Boxer Movement on Wan Knoh Kung Pao.As historical materials,on one hand,these news reports provided us with a more intuitive,direct and specific image of the Boxer Movement,on the other hand,these historical materials makes up for a lot of historical research deficiencies.However,as news reports,these materials lack a long-term historical perspective,have limitations in the understanding of historical events.For example,they may unable to explain the reason why the Boxer Movement outbreak from a deeper social background.