Study On The Development Of Primitive Agriculture In Huaibei Of Jiangsu Province(8000-3700B.P.)

The Huai River in Jiangsu province through Hung-tse Lake into the Yellow Sea,Huaibei contains Xuzhou,Lianyungang,Suqian and Huaian.Huaibei is a part of Huanghuai plain.This area of the mainland is relatively flat,a part of the hilly areas,many rivers and lakes,dense water network.In the fifties of last century,archaeologists found a group of mammal fossils and a late Homo sapiens in Sihong of northern Jiangsu.It shows that animals and plants exist in the natural geographical environment as early as the Paleolithic era.Human survive and develop in Huaibei.Archaeological data shows that about 8000 years ago,primitive agriculture development has a long history in Huaibei.The study on the development of primitive agriculture in Huaibei can deepen the understanding of agricultural development in Huanghuai plain.There are two Paleolithic place in Jiangsu Province named Malingshan and Taohuajian like the Yangtze River and the the Yellow River River Basin,the Huai River has its own unique regional culture like the Yangtze River and the Yellow River Basin.The carbonized rice from the Shunshanji Site is a great proof of origin of rice in Huaihe River Basin.About 8000 years ago,human produced rice agriculture in Huaibei,The climate in Huaibei is suitable for human survival.It also can provide a good natural and geographical conditions for the development of agriculture.About 8000 years ago,human cultivated rice and domesticated animals in Shuanshanji Culture.Stone tools are the main part of the tool of production.There are fewer kinds of stone tools which reflect the low productivity at that time.Hunting and gathering economy are the main mode of production and lifestyle,planting is inconsequential.The suitable climate and the pressures of population growth are important factor to develop agriculture.About 6000-4200 years ago,improvement of agricultural production tools reflect the further development of agriculture.At the same time,the Animal Husbandry is beginning to break away from agriculture and become an independent production sector.The overall promotion of social economy makes social wealth increased.Conflicts between social classes become a big problem.The exchange and dissemination of prehistoric cultures in different regions also contributed to the development of Agriculture.The process of making pottery and stone tools influences each other.In many different areas,there are many similar styles of painted pottery.About 4200-3700 years ago,agricultural development in Huaibei was in a prosperous period.Further improvements in agricultural production and extension of rice distribution are the most prominent feature.The increase of agricultural productivity has increased the population in tribes.The site scale expanded,and finally formed a large agricultural settlement.In 4000 years,the development of primitive agriculture experienced two stages.The development of agriculture leads to the improvement of the productive forces,the division of labor in society and the differentiation of social classes.Eventually,the settlement developed towards the early stage of the country.