The Study Of Eisenhower Administration Garrison Policy

The US-Japan Alliance is not only the most important bilateral relations in AsiaPacific region but also to the whole world. As a main ingredients of the US-JapanAlliance system, the formulating of related policy of US military in Japan postwar hasturned into the core contents of the American cold war policy toward Japan and eventhe Asian-Pacific region. With the ensuing signing of Treaty of Peace with Japan andTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan in1951San Francisco, US acquired the legal rights for long term military in Japan. Alonewith the end of the Korean War, the strategic position of Far East Anchor increasinglyprominent impressed, in the beginning the Eisenhower Administration realized onlycompacting and stabilizing the US Japan Alliance System, safeguarding andstrengthening the status of American military in Japan can promote and implement theAsia Pacific and global Cold War Strategy. Since the sovereignty restoration in theearly50s, the Japanese economy sharply turned upward, the former US-Japan AllianceSystem gradually became the main obstacle of inhibiting its economy sustainabledevelopment and higher international status. As well the American military in Japanbecame the main causes of the constant friction of the relationship between US andJapan in this period. The Eisenhower Administration started to partly adjust its policyof military in Japan in the framework of the Asian-Pacific Cold War Strategy in orderto mitigate and continue maintaining the US-Japan Alliance and the American militarypresence in Japan. The signing of the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Securitybetween the US and Japan in1960is not only the inevitable outcome of mutualcoordination and compromise, but also the essential requirements of the developmentbetween America and Japan in the new1960s.This paper studies the American military policy in Japan within the two session ofEisenhower Administration postwar. It consists four parts which the text divided intofive parts.The first part briefly summaries the America gradually established and improvedthe policy toward Japan and relevant contents of the American military in Japan. The policy toward Japan NSC13series documents promulgating not only laid thefoundation for Cold War Strategy toward Japan but also constructed the basicframework of formulating the future American military in Japan. The Ashida HitoshiMemorandum marked Japan favored America politically andeconomically, theAmerica forces in Japan long-term turned out to be possible. While the Asian-Pacificregion drastic changed in the international situation, especially the Korean Warbreaking out, Japan played more important role in the global situation, America has toseriously consider the possibility that making peace with Japan and forces in Japanlong-term. The America won the right of long-term legal military in Japan withinsuccessively signing the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between theUnited States and Japan and the Administrative Agreement, the making of Americanmilitary policy in Japan entered a new stage too.The second part discusses after the President Eisenhower took office, theAmerican military policy in Japan of the early Eisenhower Administration determinedby the American policymakers centering on the new national security strategy‘Balance’ and ‘New Look’, basing on ‘Inheritance’ and ‘Discard’ American militarypolicy in Japan in Truman period, formulating and implementing the NSC125/6policytoward Japan, returning the Amami-O-Shima and revising the criminal judging powerof the Administrative Agreement. Within the stability of American military in Japanand construction of the American base in Japan in full swing, the US-Japanrelationship unceasingly friction, the Anti-Americanism has rising in Japan. Therefore,the National Security Council issued the NSC5516/1which in the hope of conditionalcutting military in Japan to ease tensions between two allies.The third part focuses on the contents of the Nash Report which is the core files ofmilitary overseas policy during the Eisenhower Administration. In the wake ofKishiNobusuke took office, Japan wanted to modify the existing Treaty of MutualCooperation and Security between the United States and Japan and return the Okinawagrew louder. The Nash Report not only indicated a direction but also providedreference of Eisenhower Administration formulating the military policy subsequent.The forth part dwells upon the United States and Japan discussing andinvestigating the American military contents in the process of negotiating the newTreaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan. As the change of security situation in the Asian-Pacific and recovery in Japan, the originalUS-Japan Alliance has become a disorder of further development of United States andJapan. The Treaty negotiated lengthy, the American policymakers and Japan discussedthese issues for a long time and reached an agreement finally. The formation of thenew Treaty System is a sign of adjustment of American military in Japan.The fifth part highlighted the discussing process and related contents of Americanpolicymakers formulating the NSC6008while the formation of the new SecurityTreaty System. The array of documents is not only the programmatic document ofpolicy toward Japan and American military in Japan policy in the late Eisenhoweryears, but also is the benchmark and guidance of the government formulating thepolicy of American military in Japan in the future.