Textual Research On The Historical Facts Of Sending Envoys Each Other Between Qing Dynasty And Tibet Nationalities During Chongde Years

The Qing Dynasty and Tibet dispatched the envoy to each other in the years of Chongde which will be called the Dispatch in the following part was a very important historical event during the early of Qing Dynasty,it had a profound impact on Qing Dynasty,Mongolia and Tibet.As early as the period of Tiancong,Huang Taiji said that he was willing to dispatch messengers across the Erdos district to Tibet in the future.During the years of Chongde,Khalkha had suggested that he hoped to send envoys together with Qing Dynasty to invite Dalai Lama,and Qing Dynasty prepared a lot for this suggestion,however due to the political opposition between Huang Taiji and Zasaktu Khan,and the dissatisfaction with Khalkha and Oirat Union by Qing Dynasty,so the dispatch plan miscarried.At the fifth year of Chongde,Dalai Lama and Panchen Khutuktu sent Irakuksan Khutuktu as a envoy to Qing Dynasty.At the eighth year of Chongde,Huang dispatched envoys with Irakuksan Khutuktu together backed to Tibet,this was the first time that Qing Dynasty and Tibet accomplished diapatching envoys to each other.On the basis of the first dispatch,Shun Zhi emperor represented the Qing Dynasty to invited the fifth Dalai Lama to attend the meeting,the meeting took over an important position in their history.The Dispatch is the cornerstone of the system which was built to govern the Tibet,and it had significant influence on Dge-luge-pa's dominance in Tibetabn Buddhism and the political system of Tibetan integration of religion and politics.In addiction,the Dispatch was the prelude to Qing Dynasty to bring Tibet into the territory and establish a unified mul-ethnic country.It had a special meaning for Tibet,Mongolia and the Inner Asia,also as the beginning of peace and safety of Qing Dynasty in Inner Asia in the following two hundred years.Based on previous studies,this thesis sorts out the process of the Diapatch more objectively and comprehensively,also studies and comparisons some historical facts.This artical divides into four parts.The first part is about the early contact between Qing Dynasty and Tibet.It describes the process of Qing Dynasty and Khalkha prepared together to form a union of envoys and dispatched to Tibet,and analyses the reasons for the final failure of this plan.The second part is the Dispatch between Qing Dynasty and Tibet.It states the history of the multiple dispatchs from the fifth year to the eighth year of Chongde.The third part is about the friendly contacts between Qing Dynasty and Tibet in the early years of Shunzhi.It elaborates the important influence of the Dispatch on Qing Dynasty,Monglia and Tibet in many aspects.The fourth part is the conclusion.