Moral Actions And Free Actions

If our study is confined to the derivation of moral rules in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals,we may come to a conclusion that immoral behavior is not free,which is counterintuitive.The thesis is intended to clarify this problem.I will first analyze Kant,s discussion of moral laws in Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals and presents how they may come to the controversial conclusion.Based on the exposition of the counterintuitive proposition,I proposed two aspects for solving the problem.For one thing,we should work out the relationship between immoral behavior and the behavior that is not free,for another,we should clarify how Kant illuminates the possibility of free will.And the latter solution is the theoretical basis for the former.We have to resort to Kant's theory of freedom beyond Grund work for the Metaphysics of Morals to solve both problems.In the elaboration of the concept of freedom,I mainly focus on Kant's discussion of the transcendental freedom and the practical freedom.To clarify how Kant illuminates the transcendental freedom,I will mainly analyze the problem and the solution of the third antinomy of Transcendental Dialectic.The possibility of transcendental freedom in the theoretical field lays a foundation for the further study of the practical freedom and free actions in the practical field.In the section of the practical freedom,I will elucidate the freedom of arbitrium and the freedom of will.The former can be understood as generalized freedom,while Kant believes that only the latter is true freedom.The relationships between moral actions and free actions are different when free actions are defined in different levels,which is the key point of solving the problem of the counterintuitive proposition.On the basis of clarifying the origin of the problem and the relevant theories,I will solve two levels of problems separately.Finally,I will point out that the conflict in the proposition lies in the different contexts of Kant's moral philosophy and ordinary moral evaluation.The former regards freedom as a necessary and sufficient condition for moral actions,while the latter regards freedom only as a necessary condition for moral actions.