Marx's Critique Of Hegel's Dialectic In The Manuscript Of Economics And Philosophy In 1844

In the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy of 1844,Marx for the first time attempted to theoretically critique Hegel's dialectics and his whole philosophy.The discussion of this part will help us to understand the philosophical revolution initiated by Marx.Firstly,this paper studies the"why is it possible"of this part from three aspects:the internal relationship between this part and Marx's theoretical research before 1844;the relationship between this part and the critical part of National Economics in the Manuscript;the consistency and difference between Marx's thought and Feuerbach's thought embodied in this part.The last chapter explores how Marx criticized and reconstructed Hegel's dialectics in his Manuscript and what kind of philosophical revolution he completed.There are three main reasons for the appearance of this part of the Manuscript.Firstly,it is the inevitable result of Marx's previous theoretical research and practical experience.In Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right,Marx pointed out that Hegel's Rational State View reversed the relationship between civil society and the state,and turned the civil society,which was actually the prerequisite for the formation of the state,into the"predicate"of the state.The root reason of this mistake lies in the fact that the essence of Hegel's philosophy is demonstrated by existing things.In order to get rid of Hegel's philosophy thoroughly,Marx must study the civil society itself and criticize Hegel's dialectics at the same time.Secondly,the theoretical premise of national economics is consistent with Hegel's dialectics.National Economics and Hegelian Philosophy are the embodiment and development of modern subjective philosophy since Descartes.Both of them affirm"abstract labor"and at the same time complete the ignorance and devaluation of real human labor.Therefore,in the Manuscript,there will be criticism of the premise of national economics and criticism of Hegel's dialectics at the same time.Thirdly,Feuerbach's materialist philosophy has a direct impact on Marx's thought.Feuerbach's principle of"perceptual objectivity"provides a solid materialist standpoint for Marx to criticize the idealistic essence of Hegelian dialectics.But its principle of"intuition"leads to the opposition to Hegel's dialectics.In the Manuscript,Marx formed the essential difference between Feuerbach's philosophy and that of"activity".In the Manuscript,on the one hand Marx's criticism of Hegel's dialectics reveals the abstract nihilistic idealism essence of Hegel's philosophy,and on the other hand,it seizes the positive factors in his understanding of human realization and development as a process of self-generation.By sublating Hegel's concept of"labor"and Feuerbach's perceptual thought,Marx transformed Hegel's dialectics with the principle of"perceptual activity"and opened his philosophical revolution.