On The Development And Destruction Of Forest Resources In Heilongjiang Region In The Late Qing Dynasty

Because of the excellent nature conditions,and benefited from the Qing governmengt's Northeast blockade policy,Heilongjiang has become one of the areas with abundant forest resources in China.However,great changes have taken place in the political and economic situation at home and abroad in the late Qing Dynasty,the frontier policy of the Qing government was adjusted accordingly,the forestry resources in Heilongjiang area have been gradually exploited,by encouraging immigration,land reclamation and forestry development the Qing Dynasty promoted the forest industry to be on the right track gradually,the establishment of wood planting companies jointly run by government and business has promoted the development of forestry economy and urban construction in the region to a certain extent,and accelerated the process of immigration in Heilongjiang region.However.the unreasonable ways of logging,large-scale deforestation and cultivation,and the increasing demand for trees by wood planting companies also objectively caused the skrinkage of forest area and the decline of forest resources.At the end of the 19th century,Russia's iron hoofs steeped into the northeast of China.they investigated forest resources and revised unequal treaties.Especially,they crossed the Siberian Railway through Heilongjiang and Jilin.During the construction of the railway,China's forest resources were plundered and destroyed wantonly.The primitive ways of cutting in Russia also caused a great waste of forest resources.At the same time,Russian capitalists rented forest farms and set up logging factories and related enterprises in forest-rich areas of Heilongjiang Province.In addition to meeting the needs of the construction of the Middle East Railway,they also cut dow n the good timber of our country and transported it to all parts of the country for sale.thus making huge profits.Not only that.Russia will also continue to transport deforested trees to the Russian mainland for its urban construction and development needs.In the process of forest resources evolution in Heilongjiang area at the end of Qing Dynasty,domestic immigrants showed blindness and disorder to forest development,while foreign forces such as Russia showed predatory and extensive nature to forest resources in this process.Therefore,although the development of forest resources can promote the social changes in Heilongjiang,such as the rise of immigration tide and the deepening of urbanization,it also increases the burden of forests.The concentrated cutting of human beings has exceeded the carrying capacity of forests and neglected the cultivation of forests because of paying too much attention to the economic benefits of forests.The disorder of harvesting and breeding and the act of cutting down no species have destroyed the forest resources,greatly reduced the area of forest,affected the quality of forest trees,dramatically reduced the output of forestry,and then led to the imbalance of local ecology,resulting in a series of environment problems,which not only caused species crisis,endangered animals and plants,but also caused frequent disasters,threatening people's normal production and life.Even life safety.Left a profound historical lesson.