The Evolution Of Pre-qin Land Thought And The Formation Of Qin And Han Great Unification Dynasties

Starting from the Qin and Han dynasties,China has established a unified country with vast land,numerous people and the same cultural value,which continues to this day and has become the precious material and spiritual wealth of the Chinese nation.In the economic life of human beings,land is a kind of economic resource with the most extensive use,and it is the basis for human survival and development.Therefore,how to distribute and manage land has become a key public issue in the collective of human beings,thus forming many land thoughts that have important influence on the land system.The trend of the evolution of land thought in the pre-qin period is to take the state as the standard and support the continuous improvement of the national ability through the reform of the land system,so as to improve the overall welfare of the national collective.The formation of the unified state of the Qin and Han dynasties is the concrete embodiment of this economic thought.The economic logic behind this historical fact is the research significance of this paper.The pre-Qin period is the early stage of the development of agricultural civilization,land has increasingly become the most important means of production,various land ideas began to appear at this time,and then developed into various land systems.The core problem of land system is the distribution of land.Different land system arrangements will produce different economic performance,and then affect the people's livelihood and even the rise and fall of the state power.This paper holds that since the rise of agricultural civilization,the land thought in ancient China,especially in the pre-Qin period,has a certain historical continuity.Based on the logic of collective action put forward by Olson,this paper analyzes the land thought in the pre-Qin period and even the Qin and Han dynasties.In this paper,we analyze the corresponding performance of the land system provided by the rulers for the collective in each period.The logic of Olson's collective action is the foundation of the theory of public choice,which extends the basic hypothesis of rational man to the field of public choice.According to this theory,the land system can be reformed.Some non-market problems,such as the formation of a unified country in Qin and Han dynasties,are different from the original conclusions,but they are more consistent with the economic logic.Through the analysis of the land thoughts in the pre-Qin and Qin-Han dynasties,this paper draws the following conclusions: the provision of land property rights is themost important public goods in the pre-Qin period,and this kind of public goods has the characteristics of economies of scale.But this kind of public goods cannot be supplied voluntarily by the individual in the group,and needs the efficient "privileged organization" to provide;The motivation of the members of "privileged organizations" to provide public goods comes from selective incentives,and the land is the most effective incentive tool in the pre-Qin Dynasty and the Qin and Han dynasties.Compatibility groups that provide non-competitive public goods(such as cultural systems,ideologies,etc.)are more likely to scale up and have economies of scale This explains the reason why Zhou Dynasty and Confucianism formed a natural monopoly in the ideological field.The high efficiency of bureaucratic group is the key to the formation of a unified country in Qin and Han dynasties,and the profit-sharing group transformed by bureaucratic group is also a resistance to the further development of the economic and social development of the great unified dynasty of China.As a result,the author puts forward the following policy recommendations: the main reason for the difficulty in improving the overall welfare of agriculture in China is the large number of members of "atomization",which makes it impossible to rely on farmers to spontaneously provide the optimal number of public goods.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a national peasant association organization to improve the efficiency of farmers' collective action,to organize the production cooperatives and coordinate the land.Circulation,supply of means of production,agricultural technical support,purchase of agricultural products,credit,insurance,production guidance and other aspects to support farmers' production and management activities,with a view to improving the efficiency of the overall utilization of agricultural land in China.At the same time through the management and institutional innovation to avoid the formation of internal profit-sharing group.