| Bronze tomb is one of the important cultural phenomena in Zhengzhou Shang city.With regard to the study of Zhengzhou Shang city,the academic focus is mainly on the nature of Zhengzhou Shang city,bronze ware,cultural connotations and so on,and not enough attention has been paid to the bronze tomb of Zhengzhou Shang city,resulting in little special research on bronze tombs.Taking the bronze tomb of Zhengzhou Shang city as the research object,this paper uses stratigraphy,typology,cultural factor analysis,statistical analysis,comparative method and so on to carry on the comprehensive research,the content involves bronze tomb staging,the spatial distribution,the object combination and the placement and so on.In this paper,the bronze tomb is divided into four periods,the age of the divided bronze tomb to re-determine the age.Through the chronological analysis of bronze tomb,the staging results of this paper are obtained.T166M6 is classified as the lower stage of two miles;C8M7,C8M32 and C8YJM1 are classified as two miles lower two;C7M25,C7M46,C7M47,MGM2,C11M125,C11M126,C11M146,C11M148,C11M150,C5M1,T143M1,T17M2,BQM4,C8M39 and T61M1 were classified as the upper stage of two miles;C8M2,BQM1,BQM2,C8M3,MGM4 and C1M1 were classified as two miles upper two.On the basis of staging,the spatial distribution of bronze tomb is observed.There is no fixed burial area in the bronze tomb inside the site of Zhengzhou Shang city,and it has been found in the inner and outer city.The bronze tomb of Zhengzhou Shang cityl shows the characteristics of mixing with the living area and changing with the handicraft area in different periods,which reflects the concept of the unity of the merchant’s burial and the planning and layout of the land.The aristocracy of Zhengzhou Shang city in the lower stage of two miles post has the concept of the unity of burial,the residence of the aristocracy and the bronze tomb in the northeast Palace area of the inner city;the upper stage of the second middle post,the high-grade aristocracy has the trend of burial separation,the bronze tomb is mainly distributed in the outer town In the upper stage of two,the aristocracy abandoned the concept of the unity of burial,the aristocracy gave up burial in the inner city,only the outer town area for burial.Moreover,the spatial development trend of bronze tomb in Zhengzhou Shang city coincides with the urbanization process of Zhengzhou Shang city.From the spatial distribution and location arrangement of the bronze tomb in Zhengzhou Shang city,the different kinship groups were observed,and there was a differentiation phenomenon based on blood in the same kinship during the same period.There are differences in the burial system between different relatives,and their burial artifacts are selective.In the lower stage of the second period,the combination form of bronze tomb ritual is He,Li,copper He in the shape also retains the characteristics of two culture Tao,but the new form of object combination began to be applied,the etiquette of the change.The lower two stage of the second and middle post,whether it is a bronze ware or a combination of forms,compared with two miles of the lower stage of the first phase of the increase,the number of wine drinkers accounted for the absolute advantage.There is no match in the number of utensils.The upper stage of the second period,the Bronze container class increased-added goblet,Ding,He disappeared,Jue,body become the core of the combination of utensils.When the tomb master status is lower can only burial a bronze ware,the position of the Marquis is more prominent,priority is chosen.Two miles on the two stage,ritual combination form to Jue,body,goblet as the core,bronze container class added mask,disk,ritual combination form also become diversified.At the same time,the copper combination eater and the wine wine were unearthed in the buried pit,among which Ding was the core of the combination.The difference of the combination of the unearthed objects of the bronze tomb and the Buried pit reflects the influence of the core of the bronze combination by the sacrificial object.In general,Zhengzhou Shang cityl’s level of social development is constantly improving,the number of the class is constantly increasing,the combination of forms of diversification.Zhengzhou Shang city bronze tomb in the burial utensils almost all scattered,some placed in an orderly manner,some random stacking without rules.High grade bronze tomb in general,the stronger the sense of spatial hierarchy placed by burial artifacts;on the contrary,the lower the level,the weaker the sense of space hierarchy placed by the burial artifacts.The distance between the burial artifacts and the tomb owners is related to their function and frequency of use in real life.Bronze ritual more in the holding of large-scale activities used,the use of low frequency,so placed in the main distance from the tomb of the two-storey table,outside the coffin,the location next to the tomb owner.The artifacts often used or worn by the tomb owner before his death,such as copper knives,jade ornaments,yupi,jade stalk ornaments,etc.,are placed on or next to the tomb owner,close to the tomb owner.Compared with the non-bronze tomb,the bronze tomb of Zhengzhou Shang city has many kinds of burial utensils,the status of wine wine is more prominent,the space level of the tomb is strong,and the burial utensils are placed in a more orderly The combination and placement of the rituals in the bronze tomb show that the aristocracy attaches importance to the etiquette activities,echoing its identity level.In contrast,the burial utensils in non-bronze tombs live more freely and are placed in a more casual position. |
