| As a oral Manual in the late Qing Dynasty,the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters &c,in English and Chinese has important corpus value in linguistic research.Firstly,this paper combs the negative adverbs in the book and divides them into three categories:1,Bu(不)includes Bu(不)and Wu(无).2,Wei(未)includes Wei(未),Weiceng(未曾),Buyou(不有)and Meiyou(没有).3.“Buyao(不要)”,includes Wu(勿)and Buyao(不要).On the basis of this classification,the grammatical function of negative adverbs in the book is described in detail,and the scope and focus of negation and the relationship between them are preliminarily explored.Secondly,this paper finds that“Buyou(不有)”in the book can be used as a negative adverb,but at present,the academic circles lack of discussion on its lexicalization process and reasons.Through the collation and analysis of the corpus of the past dynasties,it is found that the sentence pattern of“Bu+you+V(P)”provides a syntactic environment for lexicalization of“Buyou(不有)”.In addition,lexicalization of“Buyou(不有)”is also influenced by some phonetic and cognitive factors.Finally,this paper compares the use of negative adverbs in Dynasty,the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters&c,in English and Chinese has important corpus value in linguistic research.with that in the two books of the same age,Hongloumeng Mansions and Qiludeng.By comparing the negative adverbs contained in the three books,it is found that the six negative adverbs“Bu(不)”,“Wu(无)”,“Wei(未)”,“Weiceng(未曾)”,“Meiyou(没有)”,“Buyao(不要)”are all used in Hongloumeng and Qiludeng,while the negative adverb“Wu(勿)”is only used in Qiludeng,and there is“Buyou(不有)”such negative adverb in Hongloumeng.By comparing the grammatical functions of negative adverbs in the three books,it is found that although the negative adverbs in the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters&c,in English and Chinese are influenced by the Southern dialect,the number of negative adverbs in the book is very small,and only“Buyou(不有)”is used in the Southern dialect.In other words,the use of negative adverbs in the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters&c,in English and Chinese is almost the same as that in Hongloumeng and Qiludeng.Therefore,the author speculates that the dialectal basis of the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters&c,in English and Chinese should be the Northern dialect at that time.As for whether the language of the English and Chinese Student’s Assistant,or Colloquial Phrases,Letters&c,in English and Chinese is closer to Zhongyuan Mandarin or Beijing Mandarin,more grammatical items need to be examined. |
