Urban Defense Research In The Early Southern Song Dynasty

The urban defense war is a platform for the strategic decision-making of both Song and Jin and the comprehensive strength of the country.The victory or defeat of the urban defense war promoted the changes in the gold policy of the central government of the Southern Song Dynasty and also reflected the dynamic changes of the military strength of the two sides.The evolution of the urban defense policy in the early Southern Song Dynasty was closely related to the military situation in the early Southern Song Dynasty.There were three main stages: from the panic during the Jianyan period to the five-year urban area in Shaoxing,the city gradually formed mutual support,and then 12 years before Shaoxing,the city The defense policy turned from positive to negative.It shows the characteristics of turning from isolated defense to joint defense.There are three main types of defensive forces in urban warfare: the central armed forces represented by the Central Guards and the garrison troops,the local armed forces represented by the local custodians,and the local armed forces represented by the politicians.Shanshui Village is a civil armed force in the form of organization.The central ban has played a declining role in the local urban defense system,and the role of the garrison in the urban defense system has been continuously strengthened.The local armed forces have a complex composition and are reneging on the central government.They both have the role of strengthening the city's defense forces and threatening the city's defense.In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty,the number of civilian armed forces was limited.In the urban defense war,the main role of attacking the enemy forces played a role in assisting the city's defense.The difference between the urban defense construction of the Southern Song Dynasty and the previous generation lies in the difference in building materials,which is reflected in the fact that the bricks are gradually invested in the construction of the city wall.In terms of defensive weapons,it is mainly the lineage and innovation of the Northern Song Dynasty city defense weapons.The most representative is to improve the shooting distance and shooting intensity through the transformation of the Northern Song Dynasty.Firearms also appeared for the first time in urban defense wars.The inter-regional urban defense strategy of the Southern Song Dynasty is mainly embodied inthe strategic deployment of the prevention of the river as the foundation,the Sichuan-Shaanxi as the barrier,and the Jing-Yi as the flank.The individual cities rely on the strategic deployment between the regions,and the cities are separated from each other and gradually develop into neighboring cities.The stage of mutual support.Taking Kaifeng,Shanzhou,Haozhou,Chuzhou,De'an and Shunchang as examples to discuss the comprehensive manifestation of many factors in the urban defense war.One of the common characteristics of a city that adheres to the city or is defensively successful is that the defender has excellent defense and determination to defend.This ability and determination is an important source of unity and morale,and almost determines the success or failure of urban defense.Some defenders' repairs to urban defense facilities will enhance the city's defense capabilities.But this behavior is a secondary priority in determining the city's success,and is an important but not a core factor.