Study On The River Worker Of The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal In The Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty,River labor campaign was widely set up along the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal and was the main participant in the management and dredging of the canal.As the most complex section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal,the sluice river has the most representative River labor service settings.There are many kinds and large quantities of river labor service in the sluice reach,which can be generally divided into forehead labor service,year-old labor service and large labor service.At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,the number of river labor service was relatively large.Although the number decreased in the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the total number tended to be stable.Until the sluice River decayed in the end of the Qing Dynasty,the number of river labor service decreased significantly.A large number of river work service were all levied by the government.On the basis of inheriting the Ming Dynasty system,the levy system of river work service in Qing Dynasty completed the reform from dispatch to recruitment.At the same time,River soldiers were set up and river management was strengthened.The conscripted servitude was managed by the government,and its management mode changed from autonomy of servitude to direct management of river officials on the basis of inheriting the Ming system.River labor service has great responsibilities,heavy work and very bad working environment.Hard work in exchange for a certain amount of treatment,River labor service treatment in addition to the rated two workers and food silver,there are subsidies,silver appliances,free of miscellaneous difference,red and white silver and additional incentives.However,due to the exploitation and corruption of officials,the two classes of workers,food and silver in river labor service can not be truthfully distributed,resulting in the very difficult life of river labor service.River labor service not only plays an important role in canal shipping,but also has a significant impact on the people and society along the river.The evolution of its system is closely related to the changes of the national society in the Qing Dynasty.