Reconstruction And Evolution Of Human Communication Route In Neolithic-Bronze Age Of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Cultural exchanges have aroused widespread concern in the scientific community.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the central region of Eurasia and is a transportation hub connecting East and West Asia,North and South Asia and even Europe.The special geographical position determines the important position of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the cultural exchange between East and West.Studying the communication route of prehistoric human beings on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is of great significance to understand the arduous course of expansion and conquest of extreme environment and cultural exchange..Taking elevation,slope,fluctuation,vegetation and river as natural factors and prehistoric cultural sites as data sources,this paper constructs a method of cumulative analysis based on minimum cost path-multi-point connectivity cycle.Using spatial analysis tools of GIS and R language program,the communication route between Neolithic and Bronze Age cultural areas in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was reconstructed.This paper analyses the evolution of route in different periods,explores the driving factors of route evolution,and draws the following conclusions:In this paper,62 first-class routes were reconstructed,of which 27 were Neolithic routes with a total length of 6128 km and 35 were Bronze-Age routes with a total length of 8911 km.The route mainly distributes along the valley,which is an important channel for prehistoric human to expand to the plateau.During the Neolithic Age,the route was concentrated in the northeastern and Eastern edges of the plateau,and its length was relatively short.The hinterland of the plateau was sparsely distributed,showing the overall situation of the marginal crescent encircling.The route of the Bronze Age began to expand from the edge of the plateau to the hinterland of the plateau,with an increase in length and quantity.However,the extinction of the route in northern Tibet is presumed to be related to the deterioration of climate change in the Bronze Age,which forced the transformation of the mode of human life and industry and the gradual withdrawal from the area.The length of the internal route in the cultural area is gradually increasing,and the length of the interval route is shortened.The overall distribution pattern of the periphery-pericardium network is presented,which means that the level of communication is significantly improved.The path of colored pottery(millet),jade,sheep-wheat-bronze inclusion dissemination and reconstruction in archaeological discoveries are highly consistent.This paper realizes the refinement and concretization of the above archaeological conceptual line.Archaeological evidence from the side confirms that the prehistoric exchange of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has never been interrupted.There are many functions of the route,including population migration and the communication and dissemination of technology,means of production and commodities with cultural characteristics.At the same time,it also permeates the elements of spiritual culture.Obviously,the early route laid the foundation for the opening of the Silk Road and other routes and the development of trade exchanges.In addition,through the study of climate and human factors,we found that the evolution of the early plateau route was significantly affected by climate change,population growth,technology(millet-wheat cultivation,animal domestication,etc.),war and other factors.