Preliminary Study On The Ecotone Between Agriculture And Animal Husbandry In The Eastern Edge Of The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Most of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the three provinces of Ganchuan and its border areas.Most of them are geographically located in plateaus,mountains,and alpine valleys.They are currently one of the ethnic minority areas in China.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the toast system was implemented in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The economic production mode was dominated by the animal husbandry economy.With the establishment of the health system and the implementation of the Weitian farmland and the massive influx of Han immigrants into ethnic minority areas,the agricultural economy developed.And in this area has formed a farming and animal husbandry.At present,the academic circles pay attention to the changes in the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from the economic production mode.This paper intends to use the theory and method of historical economic geography and historical agricultural geography to study the farming-pastoral ecotone of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,and to study the distribution of agricultural areas and pastoral areas in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the farming-pastoral ecotone in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The process of development and change,with a view to the initial understanding of the agro-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The areas involved in the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are mostly ethnic minority gathering areas,hoping to give some hints to the regional economic development of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to better protect the ecological environment.The first chapter starts from the natural geographical environment and explores the geographical basis of the two different production modes of agricultural economy and animal husbandry economy in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In the topography of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is dominated by three types of topography: high mountains,plateaus,and alpine valleys.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by high and cold weather,and the plateau is widely distributed in meadows and shrubs.Animal husbandry area.The valley,with a mildclimate and fertile land,is an important agricultural area.The second chapter discusses the main body of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.The ethnic groups dominated by the animal husbandry economy,such as Tibetans and Yis,are affected by their traditional economic production methods and are mostly distributed in high-altitude areas.The Minnan military and civilian groups under the Ming Dynasty Guardian originated from the inland areas.In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,affected by Huguang and Sichuan,the people of Huguang and other natives entered the western Sichuan valley and mountainous areas for agricultural production.After the reform of the land,the Han immigrants in the minority areas have increased significantly before the reform.The third chapter focuses on the geopolitics formed by the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the administrative system of the two prefectures of the prefectures and the local officials was implemented.There are toasts distributed in the jurisdiction of Fuzhou County.The jurisdiction and the toast of Fuzhou County have certain cross-cutting management.At the same time,there is also a toast in the jurisdiction of the sanctuary.The toast in the sanctuary is also in the management area.The area under its jurisdiction has a certain degree of overlap.Relatively speaking,the residents of Fuzhou County have a higher degree of localization,mostly based on the farming economy.The majority of the toast jurisdictions are mainly ethnic minorities,mainly engaged in animal husbandry economy.The fourth chapter mainly explores the regional structure and transition process of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The distribution and change of the agricultural area in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming Dynasty was first manifested in the field of the Ming Dynasty.The distribution of the agricultural area in the early Ming Dynasty coincided with the distribution of the Weitian in the Wei.As immigrants move into the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the distribution of their fields is constantly expanding.At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,a large number of military households were transferred to Yunnan to carry out the field,which made the rapid development of agriculture in the northwestern part of Yunnan.The residents of Lijiang area mainly relied on farming.The construction of a large number of water conservancy facilities is another manifestation of the agricultural development in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming Dynasty.The development of Putian has promoted the construction of a large number of water conservancy facilities,and the water conservancy facilities have irrigated a lot of fields and expanded the farming space.In the early Qing Dynasty,the immigration of the fields and the reformof the land were continued.The land reform of the toasts further expanded the space of the Han and the monks.The large-scale polders occurred in the Yongzheng,Qianlong and Jiaqing periods.The Han people entered the Tusi area for cultivation,and the government also encouraged the indigenous reclamation.During this period,the area of cultivation increased continuously,and the space between the polder and the toast was somewhat consistent.In particular,the arrow-burning furnace hall set up by Emperor Yongzheng in the seventh year of the Lunar Years has expanded the area of the farmland to the present Kangding area.During the Qianlong period,the setting of the Shugong Office has expanded the agricultural area to the Gonggong Temple(now Xiaojin County)and Fubian County.(now Fubian in the north of Xiaojin County),Zhang Guzhen(present-day Danba County),Chonghua Temple(now the tranquility of Jinchuan County),and Jingjing Temple(namely Jinchuan County).In the thirteenth year of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty,the Han people opened the Batang,which enabled the Batang area to be reclaimed.During the reign of Emperor Guangxu and Xuantong,the large-scale land reform and rectification made the space in the agricultural area further expanded.The rectification of the Mingsi Tusi,the Tusi of the Zhili Zhili Hall and the Batang Tusi made the agricultural space further expand to Jinchuan County and Xiaojinchuan.County,Kangding County,Daofu County,Yajiang County,Danba County,Dege County,Xinlong County,Furuo County,Seda County,Ganzi County,Shiqu County,Xinlong County,Litang County,and Batang County.The distribution and change of animal husbandry areas in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming Dynasty.The areas dominated by animal husbandry economy in the Ming Dynasty were mainly distributed in Zhangzhouwei,Hezhouwei,Zhangzhouwei,Diexi Qianhu,Songpan and Maozhou.Animal husbandry is the mainstay.In the northwestern part of Yunnan Province,due to the development of military squadrons,most of the areas are farmed and grazing,and Yongning is dominated by animal husbandry.In the Qing Dynasty,due to the expansion of farming areas and the cultivation of high-yield crops,the area of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which was dominated by pure animal husbandry,became smaller.In the base of the ruins of the Gert,Litang Xuanfu Division,Yuheying,and Shishu Yuke,such as the Tusi District of Songpan County,Shanba Township of Songpan County,Dege County,Litang County,and the northeast of Daofu County.The territory of Ganzhou is still dominated by animal husbandry economy,and Heqing House is dominated by animal husbandry economy.The agro-pastoral ecotone of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Qing Dynasty showed a trend of moving westward relative to the Ming Dynasty.The conclusion discusses the regional characteristics and modern enlightenment of the farming-pastoral ecotone in the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.In the development of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the destruction ofthe environment was accompanied by the integration of economic development and environmental protection in the development of regional economy.