A Study Of The New Women’s Movement In The Federal Republic Of Germany(1970-1990)

After the Second World War,with the acceleration of the democratization of the capitalist system,many social problems were exposed in the Federal Republic of Germany,and the whole society was in a state of resistance and transformation.However,as a woman who accounts for half of the social population,their problems were never given enough attention,which aroused strong dissatisfaction of women’s groups.Therefore,the new women’s movement in the Federal Republic of Germany was extremely urgent.In the 1950s and 1960s,the capitalist economy of the Federal Republic of Germany was still developing rapidly,women’s employment opportunities were relatively increased,and the living standard was generally improved,but they still faced the dual pressure of family and career.Women in the federal republic of Germany faced problems in the feminist theory of Beauvoir,Friedan and others found the answer,which also woke up the women’s self-consciousness for a long time.At the same time,the women’s movement in other countries in Europe and America developed vigorously,as well as the hypocrisy of resisting the democratization of capitalist system in the "68 movement",the activities and spirit of protesting against the rise of fascism and opposing war violence provided the experience and motivation for the women,and the new women’s movement in the Federal Republic of Germany was launched.The new women’s movement can be roughly divided into two phases.In the early stage,it mainly focused on the against Paragraph 218 of the abortion laws.The campaign for the legalization of abortion involved many organizations,had a strong mass base,and various forms of activities with radical.Then,due to the unsatisfactory results of the campaign for the legalization of abortion,many women’s enthusiasm for participating in the women’s movement weakened,the women’s movement entered a period of gradual struggle,also known as the "women’s project movement" stage.The campaign was based on women’s groups around the country,adhered to the principle of autonomy,and carried out projects that focused on women’s practical problems,and promoted women’s liberation and development.In the process,women’s culture of democracy,equality and mutual assistance was gradually formed.The new women’s movement of the Federal Republic of Germany no longer forced the acquisition of political rights,but focused on solving the problems in the private field of women.The slogan "the personal was the political" was put forward in the movement,aiming to break the boundary between the private and public spheres,elevated the issue of women to the theoretical and political level,and aroused the attention of the society and the government.The women’s movement called on women’s groups to unite and cooperate against the oppression of the"patriarchal society",overthrow the gender hierarchy,and build a harmonious society of equality between men and women.After decades of development,the new women’s movement in the Federal Republic of Germany has had an important impact on the improvement of women’s self-consciousness,their living conditions and their enthusiasm for political participation.However,it did not achieve the desired goal:women’s abortion is still difficult,the employment structure is unreasonable,The main reason is that the conservative political atmosphere of the Federal Republic of Germany is difficult to change,the traditional gender ethical values are deeply rooted,and the women’s movement lacks experience.Although the achievements of the new women’s movement in the Federal Republic of Germany were not significant,it provided experience for later women’s movements.The issue of women has long existed,and the women’s movement is also a dynamic process of development.The issue of women’s liberation and development will continue in the future.