The Meanings Of Spatial,temporal And State Dimensions Of The Chinese Compound Directional Complement “Xia Lai”,“Xia Qu” And Their International Chinese Education

The directional complement "Xia Lai" and "Xia Qu" are different but also related at the semantic and syntactic levels,and there are different rules and usages for theses two under different circumstance also the grammatical meaning.Whether it is a beginner or a high-level learner who has learned all the directional complements,there are few people who can actually notice the grammaticalization of these two words by themselves during the process of the learning.This has something to do with the teaching methods and teaching materials that we usually use.In the past,our research focused on how to let the beginner learn and master the basic usage of the directional complement,while this paper is aimed at the teaching of the usage of the grammaticalization trend of these two words,and also pays attention to the related current research.Due to the development of "Xia Lai" and "Xia Qu from basic verbs to trend complements,there are different degrees of grammaticalization in the three levels of table space,table time and table state,resulting in the diversification of its extended meaning.We have observed that in some literature,news and articles,due to various reasons,the weakening of spatial sense has caused that under some certain circumstance the two directional complements can be exchanged without affecting the meaning of the whole sentence,therefor,some students would be confused when they come into those cases,which causes a certain degree of difficulty for students to truly master all the usage.During the process of the teaching,we found that students at the primary level can master the basic usage of directional complements through memorizing rules and donging lots of exercises,and achieve good results in the targeted examination.However,when we try to make the students with higher mandarin level carry out the rules of the grammaticalization of the directional complements,in fact,there are few high-level learners that can make a correct judgment based on the overall understanding through their self-experience.Therefore,through the use ofinterlanguage theory,comparative analysis theory and error analysis theory,this paper focus on the errors caused by high-level learners when they try to use the extended meanings of compound directional complements "Xia Lai" and "Xia Qu",and tries to give reasonable suggestions on the education of the directional complement based on the study of the extended meaning and the grammaticalization of these two.