The Awareness Of "Worries And Sufferings" In The Poems Composed By Hong Liangji

Hong Liangji was one of "the Seven Men of Noble Character in Piling(Changzhou today)" in the poetic circle during the reigning period of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing in the Qing Dynasty.And he was also one of the literati and scholar-bureaucrat who had the most sense of "worries and sufferings" at that time.Containing a strong awareness of "worries and sufferings" rarely seen in poems by other poets of the same period.His surviving poems frequently mention and pay attention to the crises and hidden troubles in many aspects of the society then,but it has not been noticed by researchers.This paper falls into three chapters,with the the awareness of "worries and sufferings" in the poems composed by Hong Liangji as the research content.The first chapter narrates the concrete expression of the sense of worries and sufferings in Hong Liangji’s poems from the following four main aspects: talent dilemma,the problem of Confucian style and literati,the problem of population,natural disasters and social unrest,and that of bureaucracy and social custom.The second chapter analyzes the artistic techniques commonly used in Hong Liangji’s poems,Hong Liangji was good at using analogy,description and the expressive technique known as Xing,and is good at evoking the resonance in his readers by chanting history,taking history as a mirror,and integrating his own "sense of worries and sufferings" into his poems.The third chapter analyzes the causes of "the sense of worries and sufferings" in Hong Liangji’s poems,Hong liangji had rich life experience and great insight,and his social responsibility and practical talent were cultivated by the Jingshi Spirt(the spirit that learning should benefit national affairs)and practical learning tradition in Changzhou since the late Ming Dynasty.The extensive social crises and problems since the late Qianlong Period provided him with rich poetic materials and influenced the artistic characteristics of his poems.