A View Of Justice Study On Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach

As a new theory of justice,Capability Approach has exerted great influence on the whole ethics and political philosophy.Nussbaum,as an important representative of capability approach theory,supplements and surpasses Rawls' justice theory and Amartya Sen's capability theory.First of all,although Nussbaum's justice theory looks very similar to contract theory,in fact Nussbaum has completely revised the theoretical structure of contract theory.When discussing the issue of "who is the citizen",Nussbaum provided a way of thinking different from classical contract theory.Starting from the purpose of social cooperation,she believed that the purpose of social cooperation was not based on mutual benefit,and justice itself was the goal of social cooperation.As a result,Nussbaum not only reapplied the theory of contract,but also reconstructed the theoretical structure itself when facing the specific justice problem.Secondly,Nussbaum made further progress in the Theory of Capability.Although Sen raised the expectation of a justice society,he did not define the standard of a justice society.Nussbaum did this extremely important job and designed a list of capabilities for it.Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach not only emphasizes the individual's substantive freedom,but also examines the important position of emotion and care in a just society.Nussbaum's Sex and Social Justice,Women and Human Development and other works discuss her gender justice theory,and her attention to the situation of women is often seen when she talks about the Capabilities Approach in her other works.Nussbaum's feminism is very different from previous feminist theories.Previously feminism only paid attention to female groups,while Nussbaum's theory of gender justice was based on the study of universal justice,which demonstrated the rationality of gender justice through the demonstration of universal justice.Nussbaum's view of Capabilities Approach justice expresses the core demand of gender justice,namely,to eliminates the inferior position of women,and illustrates the unequal position of women in the private sphere through the discussion of individual rights.In addition,Nussbaum's gender justice theory focuses on individual rights and solves the dilemma of gender binary opposition that often occurs in feminist theory.More importantly,Nussbaum saw that care has a dimension of justice and considered care and social justice in the same category.In the past,people used to associate caring with women,but here in Nussbaum,caring is related to every member of society,and the object of caring is no longer limited to members of the family,other groups in social vulnerable position can be included in the category of caring.When she considers non-human animals,the disabled and global justice issues,we can see her emphasis on caring and the importance of individual dignity.Therefore,it is not only important to study Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach from the feminist perspective,but also can clearly reveal the reason why the ability approach surpasses other justice theories.In general,Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach focuses on what people "can actually do and what they have achieved," taking into account everyone's differences and diversity.Her concept of justice not only provides a new theoretical paradigm,but also provides a new thinking path to solve the problems of contemporary social justice.