Differences In The Regulation Of Emotions Between Different Open Monitoring Meditations

Meditation comes from Buddhist meditation and aims to foster a non-judgmental attitude towards the experience at this moment.Previous studies have shown that meditation can not only reduce negative emotions,but also promote positive emotions.However,most of the previous studies have explored the emotional regulation effects of long-term meditation,the effect of short-term meditation on regulating emotions is still unclear.In previous studies,many studies have considered meditation as a whole without classifying meditation,in recent years,researchers have been categorizing meditation,some researchers believe that meditation is divided into focus attention meditation,open monitoring meditation and loving-kindness meditation.in the study of open monitoring meditation,there are some differences in the training of open monitoring meditation,some open monitoring meditations are open monitoring meditations with focusing breath,while other open monitoring meditations do not include focusing breath.However,these two open monitoring meditations seem similar,but it is likely that the results are inconsistent because of the differences with or without focusing breath,therefore,this study explores the differences in the regulation of emotions in open monitoring meditation with or without focusing breath.This study consists two parts:Study 1 aims to explore the differences in the regulation of positive emotion in different open monitoring meditations and the effects on EEG activity intensity in different frequency bands.There were 62 college students enrolled in the school,21 participants in open-monitoring meditation group with focusing breath,20 participants in open monitoring meditation group without focusing breath and 21 participants in control group.The questionnaires were first measured,including the Mindfulness Five-Factor Scale(FFMQ),the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire(STAI),Positive Affect Negative AffectScale(PANAS),the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)and the Basic Empathy Scale(BES),then watching the picture task,then measureing the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale,the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire,finally meditation,while recording the EEG data.Open monitoring meditation with focusing breath is for the subject to perform a 5-minute focus breath,and then perform a 10-minute open monitoring meditation,the open monitoring meditation without focusing breath is a15-minute open monitoring meditation,the control group was to let the subjects close their eyes and sit as quiet as possible for 15 minutes.One-way analysis of variance was performed on the frontal asymmetry scores of meditation,it was found that the frontal asymmetry scores of the open monitoring meditation group with focusing breath was significantly higher than that of the open monitoring meditation group without focusing breath,indicating that the open monitoring meditation with focusing breath has the effect of promoting positive emotions.In order to investigate whether the two types of meditation training methods are different due to the focus breath or not,the data in the meditation state is further refined according to the time segment of0-5/5-15.One-way ANOVA was performed on the 0 to 5 minute frontal asymmetry scores,it was found that the frontal asymmetry score of focusing breath was significantly higher than that of the open monitoring meditation without focusing breath,and the frontal asymmetry score of focusing breath was positive,indicating that focus breath has an effect of promoting positive emotions.One-way ANOVA was performed on the 5 to 15 minute frontal asymmetry scores.It was found that frontal asymmetry score of the open monitoring meditation with focus breath was significantly higher than that of the open monitoring meditation without focus breath,indicating that open monitoring meditation with focus breath has the effect of promoting positive emotions.In the meditation state,we performed a 3(brain area:frontal,temporal central and parietal)x3(group: open monitoring meditation with focusing breath,open monitoring meditation without focusing breath and control)repeated measurement analysis for the activity intensity of the delta wave,theta wave,alpha wave,beta wave,and gamma wave,the results showed that in the meditation state 0 to 5 minutes,the frontal gamma wave activity intensity of the open monitoring meditation without focusing breath was significantly greater than the temporal central gamma wave activity intensity,the frontal gamma wave activity intensity the of open monitoring meditation without focusing breath was significantly higher than that of the parietal gamma wave activity intensity,and the frontal beta wave activity intensity ofopen monitoring meditation with focusing breath was significantly higher than the temporal central beta wave activity intensityStudy 2 explores the differences in the regulation of negative emotions between different open monitoring meditations.On the basis of Study 1,the Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale,the State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire and the Toronto Mindfulness Scale were measured,and finally the picture viewing task was performed,record EEG data during the picture viewing task before and after the intervention.We performed a 2(time: pre-test and post-test)x3(group: open monitoring with focusing breath?open monitoring without focusing breath and control group)repeated measures analysis for pre-post Positive Affect Negative Affect Scale negative emotion total scores,State Anxiety Scales and emotional assessment tasks negative emotion total scores,time as the internal variable of the subject,and group as the inter-subject variable,we found that there is no significant difference in the effects of regulating negative emotions of open monitoring meditation with focusing breath,open monitoring meditation without focusing breath and control group.Repeated measures analysis of variance for the early LPP amplitude of 600ms-1000 ms and an late LPP amplitude of 1000ms-5000 ms induced by negative images,showed that there was no significant difference with post-measurement reduction of early LPP amplitude and late LPP amplitude between open monitoring meditation group with focusing breath,the open monitoring meditation group without focusing breath and the control group,indicating that open monitoring meditation with focusing breath did not regulate negative emotions.Related the dispositional mindfulness to the early and late LPP amplitude induced by negative images.The“act with awareness”dimension and the“non-judgment” dimension are marginally significant negative correlated with the late LPP amplitude induced by the negative image,indicating that the higher ability of the act with awareness and the non-judgment,the lower the negative emotion during the semantic processing of negative stimuli.Based on the results of Study 1 and Study 2,we found that open monitoring meditation with focusing breath has the effect of promoting positive emotions,open monitoring meditation without focusing breath does not promote positive emotions,open monitoring meditation with focusing breath did not regulate negative emotions.