Research On The Bias Of Syllogistic Reasoning In Different Critical Thinking Individuals

As a kind of rational thinking,critical thinking is the key quality for individuals to adapt to the society.It is also the basis and premise of innovation,and has been receiving much attention.The predecessors have carried out more research from the perspective of the influencing factors and training strategies of critical thinking,but their effects are still very limited.It is necessary to discuss the factors influencing critical thinking in more detail from the basic connotation of critical thinking and the perspective of information processing process.Belief bias is a kind of content effect that exists for a long time in the process of reasoning.It refers to the influence of people's existing knowledge beliefs on logical reasoning,which is a noteworthy cognitive difficulty.It is a basic aspect of critical thinking to make unbiased reasoning ability through rational judgment.Therefore,it is very necessary to discuss how high and low critical thinking individuals process information from the perspective of inference bias.Based on the dual processing theory of belief bias,this study adopts the category syllogism evaluation paradigm,randomly selects college students as subjects,and explores the reasoning bias and information processing process of individuals with different critical thinking levels.It provides a basis for a better understanding of the essential characteristics of critical thinking and effective guidance of critical thinking.The study consists of two experiments:Experiment 1 uses a mixed experimental design of 2(critical thinking group)× 2(material presentation)× 2(confirmed credibility).It explores the influence of different credibility conclusions on the individual reasoning of high-low critical thinking from the perspective of material presentation.The results show that when the materials are presented separately,the high-critical thinking individuals have significantly higher reasoning scores under the condition of credible conclusion than the low critical thinking individuals,and the high-low critical thinking individuals have no significant difference in the reasoning results under the untrustworthy conclusions;When presenting materials in pairs,under different credibility conclusions,the differences in the reasoning performance of high and low critical thinking individuals are not significant.Experiment 2 uses a mixed experimental design of 2(critical thinking group)× 2(confirmed credibility).Experiment 2 further explores the paired incomplete materials,different credibility The influence of the syllogism of the conclusion category on the individual reasoning of high and low critical thinking.The results show that when the categorical syllogism is incomplete in pairs,there is no significant difference between the reasoning performance of individuals with high critical thinking and that of individuals with low critical thinking under the condition of credible conclusion;when the conclusion is not credible,the reasoning performance of individuals with high critical thinking is significantly higher than that of individuals with low critical thinking.The following three conclusions can be drawn from it:(1)Influenced by material presentation,individuals with low critical thinking tend to have belief bias.(2)Individuals with high critical thinking are less susceptible to material presentation and less likely to have belief bias.(3)Individuals with low critical thinking tend to adopt heuristic system-based processing strategies from conclusion to premise.Individuals with high critical thinking tend to adopt a processing strategy based on analytical system,from premise to conclusion.