Research Of Qingdao Chamber Of Commerce(1929-1937)

Since 1897,when the Germans invaded Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao has begun the process of modernization.Looking at the history of Qingdao from 1897 to 1937,it can be described as divided into two sections,namely,the colonial period occupied by Germany and Japan and the period of central control under the control of the Beiyang government and the Nanjing National Government.Under the frequent regime alternation in Qingdao,it is the vigorous development of Qingdao business,Qingdao has become an important trade hub city in China,with a strong commercial atmosphere.The frequent change of regime caused the government to weaken the control over the society,which provided the excellent soil for the activities of the civil organizations.In addition,the business organizations represented by the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce naturally played an extremely important role in the society of Qingdao.Qingdao Chamber of Commerce was born under the influence of many organizations.Prior to the establishment of the first Qingdao Chamber of Commerce in 1910,there were three closely linked business groups in Qingdao: one was the Chinese Business Office,established in 1904;the other was the three venues established by geographical ties;and the third was the Chinese Business Administration,which served the Germans.Three of them did not die out because of the establishment of Qingdao Chamber of Commerce,but has been accompanied by the development of Qingdao Chamber of Commerce.If the composition of the Chamber of Commerce in general,the three major chambers are the predecessor of the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce.The first chamber of commerce in 1910 could be understood as having absorbed other small retail investors.In accordance with the Regulations of the Organization Chamber of Commerce promulgated by the Qing Dynasty in 1904,the Qingdao Commercial Office,which was composed of Wan Chung-kee and other firms,was the source.If the earliest time limit,is 1891 HuCunyao and others in Tin Hau Palace set up the "public office." If the impact on the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce,then the Chinese Bureau of Commerce as the source.In 1929,Qingdao was put under the management of the Nanjing National Government,and the General Chamber of Commerce of Qingdao was forced to reorganize at the request of the Kuomintang.However,the reorganization of the Chamber of Commerce to change the board system to the committee system as required and to change its name to the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce was not smooth,and the whole reorganization process began in 1929 and was not formally completed in 1931.After the reorganization of the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce in1931,a new chairman and committee members were elected.By comparing the composition of the Chamber of Commerce in different periods,it is not difficult to see that the merchants of Shandong Province accounted for the majority of the previous Qingdao Chamber of Commerce.Among them,the local merchants in Qingdao gradually declined,Yantai merchants gradually accounted for the majority of the members of the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce.Qingdao Chamber of Commerce also has a large number of subsidiary bodies in the process of development,but the attitude of the Chamber of Commerce to these subsidiary bodies is not the same,for example,the Chamber of Commerce is more interested in commercial remedial schools,but very resistant to poor learning.A large part of this is due to the tight funding of the Chamber of Commerce,which is more willing to use limited funds to promote business development rather than private philanthropy.As the Chamber of Commerce's funding is tight,assisting the Government to collect taxes and receive commissions is a major source of funding for the Chamber.But the participation of civil organizations in taxation is incompatible with the "discipline" of the Nanjing National Government,and the resignation triggered by the assassination of Mayor Shen Honglie of Qingdao in 1933 provides a possibility toresolve this contradiction.In the storm of Shen Honglie's resignation,Qingdao Chamber of Commerce spent a lot of manpower,material and financial resources to create public opinion for Shen Honglie,for a while the scenery is no different.In the end,Shen Honglie continued to serve as mayor with the help of the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce,and the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce continued to levy business tax on behalf of the business.Through the whole incident,it is not difficult to find that the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce has a strong energy in the folk,and can have a strong impact on all walks of life.The original intention of the Chamber of Commerce is to develop business.While participating in social affairs,Qingdao Chamber of Commerce has not forgotten its main responsibilities.Tax has always been an important factor affecting business operations,Qingdao Chamber of Commerce actively carried out various activities to protest the government's excessive collection of donations,and strive to provide a good tax environment for merchants.Under the leadership of the Chamber of Commerce,Qingdao native products,warehouses and other Chinese businessmen have not been shut down due to the 1929 economic crisis.At the same time,the Chamber of Commerce and the municipal government to establish Qingdao Agricultural and Industrial Bank.In order to facilitate rural transactions,the Agricultural and Industrial Bank independently issued small money for circulation,for the convenience of agriculture and fishery development of a large number of loans to small farmers,for Qingdao rural development injected a lot of vitality.To some extent,the agricultural and industrial banks surpass the characteristics of commercial banks and have the function of regulating local finance.In addition,the Chamber of Commerce held various national goods movements to resist the aggression of foreign capital.In short,the Qingdao Chamber of Commerce in 1929 to 1937 reached the sky,in the history of the Republic of Qingdao left a heavy color.