On The Theoretical Essence Of Marx's Practical Atheism

The theoretical essence of Marx's view of religion is atheism,an atheistic ideal form based on practice.It is the development and transcendence of atheistic theory since modern times.It is a practical atheism with "practical truth" content.The inherent developmental logic of practical atheism can clearly show the theoretical essence of Marx's practice.Before the emergence of Marx's philosophy,atheistic thoughts in the modern West have experienced two theoretical forms.One is French atheism in the 18 th century in modern times,and the other is the speculative rational atheism formed in Powell's philosophy in the youth Hegelian movement.The former is based on the appearance of religion as its object of criticism,and its theoretical essence is intellectual deification.The latter was influenced by Hegel's dialectical rational religious view,trying to use rational "self-awareness" to eradicate rational religious consciousness,thus forming speculative rational atheism.Compared with French atheism,although it has reached the critical level of rational atheism,because the atheistic basis is built on unrealistic and abstract spiritual entities,its critical result is only Christianity replaced by rational "self-awareness" In God.Marx used practice to place the basis of religious existence in the practice of man-made material production,and transformed Powell's speculative rational atheism,thereby developing the theory of atheism into a practical atheism with the nature of truth.Marx believes that the basis for the existence of religion is not "in heaven",but to return to the practice of human material production to reveal the secrets of religion itself.Religious representation itself "has neither history nor development".All religious phenomena are based on "practice" and can be reasonably explained in our interpretation of practice.Religious consciousness as ideology is only a true reflection of people's current situation.It is precisely the despair of the real society that religion has become the spiritual "opium" that people want to escape from reality.The way out against religion is not to eliminate the religious consciousness in people's minds,but to rely on its realistic basis,that is,alienated production relations based on private ownership.Onlyby transforming the "alienated" production relationship into an "objectified" production relationship can people continuously enrich their class-like essence in the free creative activities of "essential objectification" and eventually realize the individual in the communist union And unity of religion,religion will eventually go extinct.In this way,Marx scientifically explained the theoretical connotation of practical atheism on the basis of the theory of dialectics,using "practice" as the basis.Exploring the "practical truth" nature contained in Marx's atheism theory can not only broaden the understanding of Marx's religious views and critical theories of religion,but also respond positively to some Western scholars' criticism of Marx's religious belief.