Research On The Government-run Technology Bureau In The Late Qing Dynasty(1901-1911)

Since modern times,the increasingly severe problem of refugees and the spillover of interests have seriously threatened the Qing government.In order to alleviate the social crisis,under the influence of the charity thought of both support and education,the Qing government combined the revitalization of crafts and the response to the problem of refugees,and set up a craft training institution such as technology bureaus and workhouses to raise refugees and criminals.At the same time,the local autonomy movement that emerged in the late Qing Dynasty also promoted the establishment and development of the Technology Bureau and Workhouse where they are located.Under the call of the Qing government to "invigorate craft",technology bureaus and workhouses have been established all over the country.The local technology bureaus and workhouses are mostly government-run.Generally,the intention of relieving the refugees and developing crafts is through the establishment of craft schools and manual workshops.The relief provided by the Technology Bureau includes the unemployed poor,criminals,children of good families,poor young children and women.In addition to providing basic living security for the poor and criminals,the Technology Bureau and the Workhouse provided them with basic living guarantees,and also provided them with craft training.They were usually ordered to carry out production work in the factories in the Technology Bureau and the Workhouse so that they could master the skills of earning a living and skill.The formation of government-run technology bureaus and workhouses in the late Qing Dynasty played a certain role and influence.From the point of view of social governance,the Technology Bureau and the Workhouse have broken through past practices,attached great importance to providing vocational training and jobs for the refugees,and provided new ideas for the Republic of China and even later on the problem of refugees.From the perspective of the development of charity,the technology bureau and the workhouse pay attention to “education and giving” when implementing relief,and break through the traditional “maintenance-oriented” charity rescue method,which has affected the development direction of modern charity rescue.From the perspective of craft development,the establishment of the Technology Bureau and the Workhouse represented an attempt by the Qing government to revitalize the craft.However,the Qing government was on the verge of collapse,and the Technology Bureau was facing inadequate funding and chaotic management.As a result,the government-run Technology Bureau in the late Qing Dynasty had little success in helping refugees and developing crafts,leaving history with regrets.