A Study On The Ideological Origin And Political Practice Of The Famous Neo-Confucian Officials In The Kangxi Dynasty

The term "famous neo-Confucianism official" was born in the Ming Dynasty,but it was most famous in the early Qing Dynasty,especially in the Kangxi Dynasty.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,after the change of dynasties,the Han scholar-officials began to reflect on the reasons for the demise of the Ming Dynasty,and attributed it to the popularity of Wang Yangming's theory of mind,which set off a trend of academic thought from Wang to Zhu and applied to the world.During the reign of Kangxi,famous officials of the neo-Confucianism either respected Changzhou neo-Confucianism or continued to adhere to lu-wang's theory of mind,all of which incorporated their ideas of practice into their doctrines so as to restore the destroyed social order and maintain the long-term peace and stability of the country,take an active part in the political practice of Qing Dynasty.The Emperor Kangxi also,from the political point of view,supported the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism,governed the country with the theory of Neo-Confucianism,and chose the content of the thought of the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism which was beneficial to the rule of the Qing Dynasty to make use of.The famous officials of Neo-Confucianism engaged in political practice,not only in accordance with the theory of Neo-Confucianism for the benefit of the nation and the people,but also in violation of the theory of Neo-Confucianism.There are complex social background and political factors behind this phenomenon,which reflects the contradiction between Confucian ideal and political reality.The main content of this paper is divided into six parts,such as the following:The first chapter explores the reason and evolution of the name of a famous official in Neo-Confucianism.Because of his political stand,Zhu Xi's theory was vilified as "pseudo theory" by his political enemies,which led to a series of events of impeachment against Zhu Xi and his banning of "pseudo theory".By the end of the Southern Song Dynasty,Neo Confucianism had become officially recognized as the mainstream doctrine.Li Youwu wrote a book,the words and deeds of famous officials in the imperial court,which regarded Neo Confucianism scholars such as Zhou Dunyi,Cheng Yi,Cheng Hao,and Zhu Xi as the inheritors of the tradition of sages and sages,they were called Taoist ministers to clear the name of Taoism.In the Ming Dynasty,Yang Lian Copied Li Youwu and wrote the words and deeds of the famous officials of the Ming Dynasty,which changed the name of the Taoist school into the name of the official of the Confucian school,thus making the name of the official of the Confucian school an important entry in historiography.The second chapter mainly summarizes the reason why the famous Neo-Confucianism ministers in Kangxi Dynasty were famous.There are three aspects:First,the influence of the change of academic atmosphere in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty on the famous officials of the Neo-Confucianism in Kangxi Dynasty,which made the Neo-Confucianism turn from the empty to the real.Second,the Qing Dynasty focused on the political needs,and took the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism as an important means to rebuild the social order and establish the legitimacy of the Qing Dynasty regime.Thirdly,the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism,as the Han officials who supported the Emperor Kangxi,played an important role in the Emperor Kangxi's resistance to the eight banners tradition and in the process of strengthening the feudal absolute monarchy.The third chapter summarizes the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism in Kangxi Dynasty.This chapter mainly introduces several famous Neo-Confucianism scholars and their main Neo-Confucianism thoughts.The purpose of such a list is to clearly show the ideological origins of famous Neo-Confucian officials,who,although they believe in different schools,have common ground in advocating Neo-Confucianism and practicing it,it shows that their thoughts have a common ideological origin.The four Chapter mainly discusses the political practice of the famous officials of Neo-Confucianism under the guidance of Neo-Confucianism.The famous officials of Neo-Confucianism had political practice in conformity with their ideal thoughts,such as changing customs,pacifying war and chaos,and renovating river works.There are also some political practices that do not accord with the rational thought,such as dereliction of duty,taking bribes from public officials,attacking each other and so on.The fifth chapter mainly explores the contradiction between the Neo-Confucianism thought and political reality in Kangxi Dynasty.The Emperor Kangxi ruled the country with the theory of Confucianism,and criticized those places where the theory of Confucianism was only used to benefit the rule of the Qing Dynasty,and where the theory of Neo-Confucianism was contrary to the ruling policy of the Qing Dynasty.The ideal image of Confucianism pursued by famous officials of Neo-Confucianism had to yield to the needs of realistic politics.