The Ethical Connotation Of Philosophical Atomism And Its Difference From Scientific Atomism

Ancient Greek philosopher Democritus founded philosophical atomism,which is a synthesis of the natural philosophy of various faction in the early days.It is also the first relatively complete materialist philosophy system in the history of Western philosophy.In the late period of ancient Greece,Epicurus further developed philosophical atomism,which was mainly manifested in the demonstration of freedom and the ethics that put the happiness theory as the purpose.In the long Middle Ages,philosophical atomism was banned.It was not until the Renaissance that philosophical atomism was fully revived,and it gradually became a trend of thought that impacted Christian theology.With the development of science,philosophical atomism has gradually changed and developed into scientific atomism.The atoms discussed in philosophical atom theory and the atoms discussed in scientific atom theory are the basic particles in the microstructure of matter,and they have the characteristics of weight,shape and volume.However,the atom of philosophical atomism is the product of philosophers’ speculative reasoning.The atom is the origin of the phenomenal world,indivisible particles of matter,and the existence of super-perception.In the movement of atoms,the deflection of atoms demonstrates freedom.On the basis of freedom,philosophical atomism is based on the ethics of happiness theory,demonstrating that freedom and happiness are integrated;and atoms in scientific atomism are the objects of empirical analysis by scientists.It is an important intermediate link from macro to micro.Scientific atomism conducts empirical analysis and quantitative expression of the characteristics and movement of atoms,and no longer has a free position.Scientific atomism no longer discusses freedom,and therefore no longer includes freedom-based ethics.This article is divided into five parts.The first part is the origin of the full text.On the basis of intensive reading of the original work and related literature,it solves many problems encountered in the process of studying atomism and analyzes the difference between philosophical atomism and scientific atomism.It is the research purpose and significance of this article to reveal the practical significance of philosophical atomism in the context of contemporary particle physics and its internal reasons.The second part discusses the basic provisions of philosophical atomism and its ethical turn.Democritus founded philosophical atomism,and Epicurus further developed philosophical atomism.Philosophy atomism regards atoms and voids as the origins of the phenomenal world.Atoms have the characteristics of volume,shape and weight.In the movement of atoms based on the characteristics of atoms,the deflection of atoms demonstrates freedom.On the basis of freedom,philosophical atomism is based on the ethics of happiness theory,demonstrating freedom and happiness.The third part discusses Marx’s discovery and clarification of the connotation of atomism freedom.Analyze the differences between Democritus and Epicurus in terms of atomic property regulations and motion regulations.Democritus uses the formation of the diversity of the world to define the characteristics of atoms,and the vortex motion of atoms to demonstrate inevitability;and Epicurus uses the primitive concept to define the characteristics of atoms,and the deflection of atoms to demonstrate freedom.It is pointed out that Democritus only recognizes the material aspects of the atom,and the concept of the atom has not yet been completed;while Epicurus starts from the concept of the atom itself,the skew movement of the atom demonstrates freedom,and the free repulsive movement of the atom is partial The realization of oblique movement,the concept of atom is really completed.The fourth part discusses the rejection of the connotation of freedom by scientific atomism.In the long Middle Ages,philosophical atomism was banned.Until the 17 th century,Gassendi made a comprehensive revival of philosophical atomism.In the 17 th to 18 th centuries,the development of physics and chemistry added new content to the theory of atomism.In the 19 th century,the chemist Dalton measured the relative mass of atoms,marking the establishment of scientific atomism and the final completion of the transformation from philosophical atomism to scientific atomism.In the 20 th century,the physicist Thomson discovered electrons smaller than atoms and proposed the first atomic structure model.Scientists conduct empirical analysis and quantitative expression of atoms,and quantum mechanics is gradually established.There is no longer a free position in the movement of atoms,and it no longer contains freedombased ethics.The fifth part is the summary and reflection of the full text,to clarify the internal reasons why philosophical atomism is based on ethics and scientific atomism rejects ethics.The atom discussed in philosophical atomism is the product of speculative reasoning by philosophers.The atom is the origin of the phenomenal world.The atom is free to move.On the basis of freedom,philosophical atomism is based on the ethics of happiness theory;and the atom discussed in scientific atomism is the object of empirical analysis by scientists.The atom is a perceivable existence.The movement of the atom is non-free.No longer discusses freedom and no longer includes freedombased ethics.Science is based on the belief in the universality of the causal connection of all things in the world,which is summarized and strengthened in the metaphysical principles of determinism about the state of the world.And freedom constitutes the metaphysical principle of human behavior,making us a being beyond determinism.We should look squarely at the boundaries of science.If we only develop science blindly and ignore the thinking of human freedom and happiness,then using science to benefit mankind is empty talk.Philosophical atomism’s argument on freedom and ethics based on the theory of happiness still have certain practical significance in the context of contemporary particle physics.