A Study On The Grain Problem In Southern Anhui Region During Anti-japanese War (1937-1945)

In the course of Chinese modern history,the War of Resistance against Japan is a very important historical event,which is related to the life and death of the whole nation.For the Chinese nation at that time,we should not only use force to fight against foreign invaders,but also consider the basic needs of survival.How to satisfy the army and the people's food become a realistic problem to be solved in wartime environment.At the same time,it had also become a key factor affecting the overall situation of the War of Resistance against Japan.During the period of the total War of Resistance against Japan,the Southern Anhui National Unification Zone,which belongs to the third war zone,was a solid fortress for the struggle against the enemy on the battlefield in eastern China.However,the region also faced serious food problems as a result of the wartime environment.Not only food shortages occur from time to time,but food prices were rising,which greatly affected the production and life of local people and was not conductive to the stability of the rear society.The reason is that,in addition to being affected by natural factors such as more mountains and less land and frequent floods and droughts,the diminishing of the storage system,the unequal land rights relationship between rich and poor,the population explosion and consumption increase in wartime environment,the fall of grain-producing counties and the poor food transportation,the looting and absorption of enemies and the hoarding and smuggling of profiteers are also the important factors leading to the food problems in the region.In order to solve the grain problem,the Southern Anhui Administration tried to solve the local food problem by "open source" and "cutting expenditure ".In order to open up grain sources,the Southern Anhui Administration carried out the famous "one mu land movement ",carried out the expansion of spring and winter ploughing movement,and encouraged the people to make full use of the gap land and carry out the interplanting of crops.In order to increase single-food production,local improvements in food crop production were also made under the guidance of the Provincial Food Supervision Mission.Because of the need of the economic struggle against the enemy,the Southern Anhui Administration also actively organized the people to rush to the front to buy food,and thus to enrich the rear grain resources.At the same time,the Southern Anhui Administration also focused on reducing expenditure,by promoting grain conservation,combating hoarding and smuggling of capital enemies,in order to minimize food consumption and outflow,and consolidate the foundation of the War of Resistance.During the War of Resistance against Japan,the National Government of Southern Anhui also attached great importance to grain storage and transportation in order to ensure the food needs of the front-line troops and the rear people.In terms of grain storage,based on the principle of building grain storage,grain storage was set up in various places to adjust the need.In the aspect of food transportation,developing water and land transportation and improving post transportation to realize the effective circulation of grain.These two aspects are important links to solve the grain problem in the Southern Anhui Province during wartime.The problem of food is not only related to the local economy and people's livelihood,but also affects the stability of the rear society.The resolution of this crisis was the victory of the military and civilian economic struggle against the enemy in the Southern Anhui National Unification Zone in wartime,and to a certain extent,it had consolidated the foundation of the War of Resistance in the third Theater of War.