A Study Of Junior High School Students' Reasoning On The Relationship Between Necessary Conditions And The Development Of Their Understanding And Processing Mechanism

Conditional reasoning refers to the reasoning based on the information provided by the big premise and the small premise,through the judgment of the relationship between the antecedent and the antecedent,so as to deduce the exact conclusion.The predecessors have carried out rich research on the reasoning mechanism of adults around the form and content of conditional reasoning,believing that it can get rid of the influence of specific content,pay more attention to logical rules,and the reasoning process is more in line with the theory of psychological model.However,in the past,most of the researches used questionnaire to study the sufficient conditional reasoning,and most of the subjects were adults.There was not much discussion on the development and mechanism of the necessary conditional relationship reasoning of junior high school students.Is the conditional reasoning of junior high school as a transitional period influenced by the form and content of reasoning?Does the effect change with age? Is the understanding process of the necessary conditional reasoning of junior high school students as abstract and logical as that of the mental model theory of adults? In view of the above problems,this study conducted experimental research and qualitative interview research on the general development of conditional reasoning of junior high school students,the influence of logic words,reasoning content and reasoning structure on the logical reasoning of junior high school students,and how junior high school students consciously understand and process the necessary conditional reasoning.In the first experiment,the subjects of different grades were investigated by questionnaire about their mastery of the four reasoning forms connected by different logical connectives under three kinds of materials,which were in accordance with the rules of fact,not in accordance with the rules of fact,and abstract.The results show that: 1.The main effect of grade is significant,which shows that the necessary condition reasoning ability of junior high school students increases with age.2.The interaction between grade and content nature is significant,which shows that the reasoning performance of subjects is obviously affected by different content nature reasoning questions,and this influence is different with the increase of age.3.The interaction between reasoning form and grade is not significant,but the interaction between reasoning form,content nature and grade is significant,which shows that reasoning form does not affect the reasoning performance of subjects in each grade alone,but under the influence of content nature.In the second study,the representative questions were selected from all the subjects and interviewed.The data were used to code the reasoning process and problem-solving strategies of the subjects in the way of qualitative research,so as to investigate the subjects' analysis thinking and psychological process.The results show that: 1.Because of the limitation of cognitive development,junior high school students' reasoning process is first based on life experience,and then is a non deductive process to explain the premise or to confirm the conclusion by looking for counterexamples.2.2.With the increase of age,subjects began to get rid of the influence of content and make logical judgments.Through the above research,the following conclusions are drawn:1.The level of necessary conditional reasoning of junior high school students increases with the increase of age.2.With the increase of age,the subjects began to get rid of the influence of specific content,and gradually judged the reasoning according to the logical rules.3.The form of reasoning does not affect the reasoning performance of the subjects in each grade alone,but interact with the content nature to affect the subjects in each grade of junior high school.4.Due to the limitation of thinking development level,the reasoning process of junior high school students is more in line with the dualprocessing process.They are greatly influenced by life experience in the reasoning topic.The reasoning process is mostly based on life experience to judge the relationship between the front and back of the proposition,and then to judge the reasoning by re explaining the premise or searching for counterexamples.