The Understanding And Evalution Of The Scholars In Song Dynasty On The Zichan Governance

Zichan was a famous statesman,diplomat and thinker in the late spring and Autumn period.Zichan's statecraft is mainly seen in Zuo Zhuan,which records that when he was in power,he faced the urgent internal and external situation of Zheng State,gave full play to his personal wisdom,judged the situation,appointed talents and made outstanding achievements in the internal reform;at the same time,in the Jin and Chu powers,he was neither humble nor arrogant,and played a lot of tricks,relying on skillful diplomatic rhetoric and excellent diplomatic wisdom Zhengguo strives for interests.Zichan,as an outstanding statesman in the spring and Autumn period,was described as "the love of the ancients" by Confucius,and was hotly discussed by people of the time and later generations.Before the Song Dynasty,the understanding and research of Zichan governance mainly focused on the evaluation of Zichan's personal charm and ruling achievements.In the pre-Qin period,all schools of thought gave praise and disparagement to Zichan's governing the country,mainly to Zichan,especially Confucius,who was later than Zichan,praised Zichan's ability to be a gentleman.From the Han Dynasty to the middle of Tang Dynasty,influenced by the path of "Sinology" to understand the classics,the understanding and evaluation of Zichan was mainly reflected in the annotations of Confucian scholars to classics such as spring and autumn,Analects of Confucius,Mencius,etc.in this period,the academic contributions and annotations to Zichan of Duyu's Zuozhuan were worthy of attention.He praised Zichan's achievements in governance and also protected the government that was criticized.In the middle and later period of Tang Dynasty,the school of "new spring and Autumn Annals" interpreted the scriptures with their own will,and explored the way to interpret the scriptures with great purpose and righteousness of sages to give new enlightenment to the people of Song Dynasty in commenting on Zichan.The understanding of Zichan governance in Song Dynasty is reflected in the comments on the history of Zichan's ruling the country as recorded in the classics: first,the development of spring and autumn in Song Dynasty,the rise of Yili historiography,Su Zhe,Wang Dang and so on are the biographies of Zichan,which highlights that Zichan should abide by the state by rites;Liu Chang,Chao Buzhi,Zhang Lei and Cheng Gong explain some historical issues of Zichan,which embodies their principles of governing the country;Lu Zuqian explains Zichan's ruling the country This paper makes a comprehensive analysis of Zichan's ideas,measures and situation at home and abroad,which reflects the level of Song people's evaluation of Zichan's governance.Secondly,based on the records of Confucius and Mencius in the Analects of Confucius and Mencius,the people of Song Dynasty combined the text annotation with ideological innovation to interpret and expound the political morality of Zichan,reflecting the new thinking of Zichan's political morality and political concept.Zichan was regarded as the representative of Legalists because of his reform in the state of Zheng.His thoughts and Strategies of governing the country also attracted the attention of scholars in the Song Dynasty.The participants in the reform more quoted Zichan's thoughts of governing the country.Wang Anshi wrote three not to deceive,which combined the advantages of various schools of thought,and used them to change Confucianism,Legalism and the way of official management,which became Wang Anshi's thoughts of reforming the law Fountainhead.Sima Guang,Su Shi and others,based on their own position,chose Zichan to criticize the current situation,and took the early democratic thought embodied in "Zichan does not destroy the countryside and school" as the ideological weapon against the establishment of the three departments' Regulations Department.At the same time,they also used Zichan's historical events such as "zuoqiu Fu" and " Casting penalty book" as metaphors to express their worries about Wang Anshi's reform policy.Through the analysis and study of Song people's understanding and evaluation of the famous politicians and scholars of the previous generation,we can further understand the whole picture of Song Dynasty's ideological history and the history of classics and learning,and have a deeper understanding of Song people's reform thoughts and measures of "leading the government of the king and making use of it".