| Bamboo slips are the earliest materials used for writing in ancient China,and they are also the most closely connected writing carrier with the ancient people’s life before the paper is widely used.With the development of archaeological work,more and more bamboo slips have been excavated.Bamboo slips ink provides valuable information for the study of ancient Chinese history.Mr.Jiang Linchang believes that "the study of Chinese culture in the20 th century is the world of oracle bone inscriptions,gold inscriptions and Dunhuang relics,while the study of Chinese culture in the 21 st century is the world of bamboo slips and silk books." This fully shows the significance of bamboo slips to the study of history and Chinese culture.The excavation of bamboo slips not only provide important new materials for the study of history and Sinology,but also provide new materials for the creation and theoretical study of calligraphy.As the carrier of calligraphy,bamboo slips can show us the writing skills of the ancients and the writing styles of different writers in different times.It can not only show the commonness of hand writing,but also show each writer’s writing habits and the randomness in the process of writing.bamboo slips calligraphy has spanned several dynasties,such as Warring States,Qin,Han,Wei and Tsin Dynasties.Now we can see five types of calligraphy,including seal script,official script,regular script,running script and cursive script,all of which have appeared in bamboo slips calligraphy.Moreover,bambooslips shows us transitional calligraphy,such as from seal script to official script,official script to regular script,running script and cursive script.It is an important materialto study the evolution of calligraphy,which is helpful to enrich the research.The origin of each style of calligraphy and the rich forms of calligraphy creation are of great significance.Bamboo slips of Qin Dynasty are an important part of bamboo slips system.At present,the unearthed bamboo slips of Qin Dynasty include those of haojiaping,Qingchuan,Sichuan,Hubei,Yunmeng,Shuihudi,Fangmatan,Tianshui,Yueshan,Jiangling,Hubei,zhoujiatai,Ji ngmen,Hubei,Liye,Hunan,etc.Among them,the Liye Qin slips were unearthed in an abandoned ancient well in the ancient city of Liye,with a total of more than 37000 pieces of Qin slips and more than 20 pieces of Chu slips.Compared with other Qin slips,the number of Liye Qin slips is huge,which is ten times more than that of all kinds of Qin slips unearthed before.Liye Qin bamboo slips are the archives of Qin Dongting County moving to Lingxian County,recording the administrative activities of Qin Shihuang moving to Lingxian county from the 25 th year(22nd year)to the 2nd year(208th year).Compared with Official script of the Han Dynasty,the ink of Liye Qin bamboo slips is mainly official script,which belongs to "ancient official script",also known as "Qin official script".The style is simple and solemn,which is of great significance for the investigation of the origin and development of official script,and also provides new ideas for the enrichment of the creation forms of official script.In addition to the more serious official script,there are a few special inks in the Liye Qin bamboo slips.These special inks not only have the typical characteristics of the Qin Dynasty official script,but also reflect the characteristics of some cursive script.Most of these special inks appear in the backand a few front of the official script,which account for a small proportion,and their bodies are between cursive script and official script,This kind of ink may not be the result of the calligrapher’s pursuit of subjective art,but it also reflects the difference of writing state of the basic level historians.This part of ink is of great significance to the study of the evolution of calligraphy style: this kind of cursive writing is just the transitional stage from Li script to cursive script,which provides us with valuable information to understand the origin of cursive script and the cursive tendency during the Qin and Han Dynasties."Cursive tendency" reflects the development trend from scribbled official script to independent official script,which is reflected in the scribbled official script on the back of Liye Qin bamboo slips.Through analysis,comparison and induction,the author thinks that the cursive tendency of the basic strokes of scribbled official script is embodied in the reduction of the writing action,the connection of the strokes,the Scribble and the reduction of the strokes,and the freedom of the constitution.The emergence of cursive tendency is related to the writing requirement of "hasty" in the late Qin Dynasty,and also to the copy nature of low-level historiographers and slips.With the passage of time,the tendency of cursive script is developing constantly,which not only promoted the formation of cursive script in Han Dynasty,but also promoted the formation of all kinds of cursive script,indirectly changed the trend of the history of calligraphy,and promoted the conscious development of calligraphy art.The influence on the history of calligraphy can be described as "a single spark can start a prairie fire".By analyzing the cursive tendency in the twelve wooden slips of Liye,the author makes clear the cause,expression,development and significance of the cursive tendency,so as to play a role in attracting more attention from scholars. |
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