| Research Background Biorhythm is a hot topic in life science research in recent years,among which disturbance of sleep rhythm is the focus,which will affect individual physiologic al and psychological state and lead to changes in work efficiency.Disturbance of sleep rhythm is a prominent problem in modern people,especially in college students.College students sleep and rest,sometimes all night,causing acute sleep rhythm disruption.Sometimes the timing of sleep varies from day to day,leading to chronic disruption of sleep rhythms.What are the effects of these sleep rhythm disturbances on the cognitive function and emotional state of college students? Are there any differences in the changes of emotional and cognitive functions of college students with different mental resilience? In other words,is there any protective effect of mental resilience on the cognitive function decline caused by sleep rhythm disturbances? At present,there are few related studies.The research on these problems has important value for the maintenance of cognitive function and emotion regulation ability of college students and the improvement of mental health.Disrupt sleep rhythms using more fully in the study of sleep deprivation,the equivalent of acute sleep rhythm disturbance,the research paradigm,contrast subjects before and after sleep deprivation on cognitive tests emotional self-rating scale,and using functional magnetic resonance imaging?f MRI?brain electrical event related potential?ERP?and other research techniques,through different brain regions of brain functions such as network changes,to observe the change of cognitive emotion caused by sleep deprivation of cognitive neural mechanism.Although studies have found that the degree of different subjects affected by sleep deprivation is different,the protective factors behind the research is less,more and more researchers have found that chronic sleep rhythm disturbing situation in daily life.However,due to the laboratory conditions,long-term control of the subject's work and rest cycle,difficult to achieve,easy to be disturbed by a variety of factors and other reasons,the study of chronic sleep rhythm disruption is rare.Whether acute or chronic sleep disruption,the main impact is excessive energy consumption,energy is not timely supplement.So,as an important factor for individuals to cope with the adverse effects of emergencies,can mental resilience also be used as a protective factor to help individuals cope with the negative effects caused by disturbed sleep rhythm.This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic sleep disruption on emotional state and cognitive function of college students,and the protective effects of mental resilience on sleep disruption.In order to accurately evaluate the psychological resilience of the subjects,this study first revised the commonly used psychological resilience scale?CD-RISC?by applying the two-factor model of item response theory.Then two experimental paradigms were applied: acute sleep disruption?36 hours of total sleep deprivation?and chronic sleep disruption?8 hours of wakefulness +4 hours of sleep cycle after 36 hours of total sleep deprivation,lasting for 5 days?to analyze the influence of sleep rhythm disturbance on the emotional state and cognitive function of college students,and to compare the differences of different mental resilience subjects against these influences,at last to explore whether mental resilience can be used as a protective factor to help college students cope with the negative effects of sleep rhythm disturbance.Subject Revision of the CD-RISC scale:1,545 college students from 5 universities participated in this study,and the final valid data was 1,515.The age was?18.7 ±4.5?years old,including 1,323 males?17.9 ± 5.6?years old and 192 females?18.9 ±4.2?years old.Participants in the study included 397 freshmen,528 sophomores,439 juniors,and 181 seniors.Subjects of acute and chronic disruption of sleep rhythm:Due to the need to control the waking and sleeping time of the subjects,and considering the feasibility of the laboratory conditions,the research group recruited 16 male college students,aged?21.0 ± 3.5?,to participate in this experiment voluntarily.After the experiment,each subject was paid a certain amount of money.Method Previous studies have found that CD-RISC scale is suitable for bi-factor model analysis.However,in order to obtain the resilience score of the participants,the model calculation must be performed again.Therefore,this study firstly revised the CD-RISC scale by applying the bi-factor model,which laid a foundation for analyzing the psychological resilience scores of the participants and was convenient for the grouping of the participants.Then,the experiment of acute and chronic sleep disruption was carried out,and the scores of emotional state and cognitive function were collected before and after the experiment for statistical analysis.The sleep rhythm disruption experiment was arranged as follows: subjects were firstly deprived of sleep for 36 h,and then kept on a sleep schedule for 5 consecutive days?8+4?h,namely 8h awake and 4h sleep.The first 36 h was an acute disruption of sleep rhythm experiment.From the beginning of the experiment to the end of?8+4?h working and rest,it belongs to the chronic disruption of sleep rhythm.The specific research methods are as follows:1.Revision of the CD-RISC scale bi-factor model This part mainly adopts the questionnaire survey method.Subjects completed the CD-RISC,hospital anxiety and depression scale?HADS?,general self-efficacy scale?GSES?and other scales.The bi-factor model based on classical measurement theory?CTT?and item response theory?IRT?was used to compare the results of the CD-RISC scale.Use correlation analysis to determine whether items are multidimensional.Confirmatory factors were used to analyze the model fitting degree of different methods and compare the structure validity.Information is used to analyze reliability.The correlation analysis between the score of CD-RISC dimension and self-efficacy of anxiety and depression was used to study the criterion validity.2.Effects of acute and chronic disruption of sleep rhythm on emotional and cognitive functions of college students with different resilience In this study,Profile of Mood States?POMS?commonly used in the sleep deprivation experimental paradigm was used to evaluate the emotional state of the subjects,and the sensory gating function?SG?,which has an important influence on cognitive abilities such as attention and memory,was used to evaluate the cognitive functions of the subjects. POMS includes six dimensions including TA?Tension-Anxiety?,DD?Depression-Dejection?,AH?Anger-Hostility?,FI?Fatigue-Inertia?,CB?Confusion-Bewilderment?,VA?Vigor-Activity?,among which VA is positive emotion and the other five are negative emotion.SG function was measured by using the auditory ERP P50 experimental parad igm,which is one of the common paradigms for SG function evaluation.Before the experiment,the subjects completed the CD-RISC scale.After bi-factor model analysis,the scores of general factors of psychological resilience of the subjects were calculated as the basis for grouping the subjects.Before the experiment,the CD-RISC scale completed the POMS scale and the ERP P50 data.Before the experiment,the data were collected after the chronic sleep disruption after the acute sleep disruption.By comparing the changes of POMS scale dimension and ERP P50 data before and after acute/chronic sleep rhythm disruption,the effects of acute and chronic sleep rhythm disruption on the emotional state and cognitive function of the subjects were analyzed.The CD-RISC scale was completed before the experiment,and the bi-factor model was used to analyze the subjects' mental resilience score.According to the scores of 16 subjects on general factors of mental resilience,eight subjects with high scores of general facto rs of mental resilience were divided into the high resilience group,and eight subjects with low scores of general factors of mental resilience were divided into the low resilience group.POMS and P50 indexes were used to conduct paired t-test on the changes before and after acute and chronic sleep rhythm disruption,respectively,to analyze the protective effect of mental resilience on acute and chronic sleep rhythm disruption.Results 1.Revision of the CD-RISC scale?1?The correlation between the three dimensions of CD-RISC was significant?p<0.05?.Among the 25 items,the correlation between the scores of 24 items and the 3 dimensions was significant?p<0.05?,and the correlation between the scores of the other 1 item and the 2 dimensions was significant?p<0.05?.It shows that all the items in the scale can reflect the meaning of multiple dimensions,and there are multi-dimensional phenomena,so the multi-dimensional model should be adopted for analysis.?2?The result of information content analysis shows that the information content of two-factor model can reach more than 50,which indicates that the two-factor model has good reliability for the revision of CD-RISC scale.?3?Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the model fitting index of the two-factor model is significantly better than that of the three-dimension model???2=38.3,?df=17,p<0.01?and the second order model???2=106.3,?df=22,p<0.01?.The results show that the two-factor model has good structural validity in the revision of CD-RISC scale.?4?The HADS and GSES scores were used to conduct the validity scale validity analysis,and it was found that the general factors in the two-factor model had a significant negative correlation with anxiety and depression(ranxiety=-0.28,p<0.01;rdepression=-0.44,p<0.01).And general self-efficacy has a significant positive correlation?rself-efficacy=0.70,p<0.01?.Moreover,the internal structure of mental resilience can be better revealed by the analysis of general factors and special factors of the two-factor model,indicating that the application of the two-factor model to the revision of CD-RISC scale has a good validity.2.Effects of acute sleep disruption on emotional and cognitive functions of college students with different mental resilience?1?Three of the six dimensions of POMS had significant differences before and after acute sleep disruption,in which VA was significantly decreased?t=5.542,p=0.00?,FI?t=-3.273,p=0.00?and CB?t=-3.909,p=0.00?were significantly increased,while the differences of the other three dimensions were not significant.?2?Among the six dimensions of the POMS scale,there was a significant difference in one dimension between the high and low resilience groups before and after acute sleep disruption.The change value of DD before and after sleep deprivation?before sleep deprivation minus sleep deprivation?was significantly higher in the high resilience group than in the low resilience group?t=-2.164,p=0.048?,while there was no significant difference in the other five dimensions.?3?Before and after acute sleep disruption,there was no significant difference in P50 amplitude between S1 and S2,but the difference in P50?s1-s2?was significant?t=3.750,p=0.002?.?4?Before and after acute sleep disruption,P50?s1-s2?of the low resilience group changed significantly more than that of the high resilience group?t=-2.55,p=0.023?.3.Effects of chronic sleep rhythm disturbance on emotional and cognitive functions of college students with different resilience?1?Among the six dimensions of POMS,VA was significantly reduced after chronic sleep disturbance?t=5.204,p=0.00?,while the difference of the other five dimensions was not significant.?2?Among the six dimensions of POMS,there was a significant difference in one dimension between the two groups.The change value of DD before and after sleep deprivation?before sleep deprivation minus sleep deprivation?was significantly higher in the high resilience group than in the low resilience group?t=3.368,p=0.005?,while there was no significant difference in the other five dimensions.?3?After the analysis of the two-factor model,the discriminant parameters and positional parameters of the 25 items were within a reasonable range.Moreover,the information content analysis results show that the information content of the two-factor model can reach more than 50,indicating that the two-factor model has a good reliability for the revision of CD-RISC scale.?4?The HADS and GSES scores were used to analyze the criterion validity,and it was found that the general factors of mental resilience in the two-factor model had a significant negative correlation with anxiety and depression(ranxiety=-0.28,p<0.01;rdepression=-0.44,p<0.01).It has a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy(refficacy=0.70,p<0.01).Moreover,the internal structure of mental resilience can be better revealed by the analysis of general factors and special factors of mental resilience of the bi-factor model,indicating that the application of the bi-factor model to the revision of CD-RISC scale has a good criterion validity.Conclusion 1.The CD-RISC scale is suitable for the application of bi-factor model for analysis,with good reliability and validity.2.Acute disturbance of sleep rhythm can significantly change the emotional state and cognitive function of college students.After acute disruption of sleep rhythm,negative emotions increased significantly and positive emotions decreased significantly.The sensory gating function of college students is significantly reduced,which will result in the waste of attention resources.3.Resilience has a protective effect on the change of emotional state and cognitive function caused by acute sleep rhythm disturbance.Subjects with high resilience are significantly less affected by negative effects than those with low resilience.4.After the disruption of chronic sleep rhythm,negative emotions increased significantly while positive emotions decreased significantly.The change of sensory gating function in college students was not significant.5.Resilience has a protective effect on the emotional state changes caused by the disruption of chronic sleep rhythm.Subjects with high resilience are significantly less affected by negative effects than those with low resilience. |
PDF Full Text Request