Research On The Thought And Practice Of Birth Control In The Republic Of China

In 1922,the famous American birth control movement expert Mrs.Sanger visited China and gave lectures on birth control in Beijing and Shanghai.Since then,the idea of birth control has been introduced to China.Intellectual elites pay more attention to it.They link birth control and social morality ? population control ?maternal self-determination,etc.,and have a discussion on it.Opponents of birth control believe that birth control will harm social morality,reduce China's population,and cause women to resist birth.Those who are in favor of birth control believe that birth control is conducive to the establishment of a new sexual morality.It is more important to increase the quality of the population.Women should have the right to decide their bodies.This great debate has better promoted the development of the birth control movement.After the intellectuals' controversy over birth control,the idea of birth control has developed better in practice.In the 1920 s,the Beijing Birth Control Research Association and the China Birth Control Research Society were successively established.The China Birth Control Research Institute published "Modern Women" as a publicity publication,and translated a large number of birth control articles,and promoted many birth control methods,medicines,and appliances.In the 1930 s,the establishment of the Peking Maternal and Child Health Association and the Shanghai Birth Control Research Society accelerated the development of birth control practices.The Peking Maternal and Child Health Association will actively carry out outpatient services and purchase medicines.They opened "Birth Control Communication" in the "Peiping Morning News" to interact with readers actively.And they carefully collected and sorted out the cases of people who need birth control.Shanghai Birth Control Research Institute has also set up corresponding birth control clinics and carried out birth control work actively.The practice of birth control began to fade in the mid-1930 s.During this period,because of the influence of the Anti-Japanese War,more and more intellectuals have focused their attention on the national crisis,birth control is no longer their focus.Secondly,some problems in the propaganda and promotion process of the birth control movement itself also hindered the space for further development.Birth control devices are expensive,birth control methods are not universal enough,lack of government support,lack of funds,and failure to extend practice to the countryside.These factors hinder the further development of birth control practices.As a result,the birth control idea gradually withdrew from the historical stage.