Harriton And The Implementation Of The Soviet Nuclear Program (1945-1953)

Yuri Borisovich Harriton(1904-1996),Soviet nuclear physicist and physical chemist,academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences,PhD,chief designer of the first atomic bomb of the Soviet Union,organization of Soviet nuclear science and technology One of the leaders and leaders.From 1946 to 1996,he worked at the 11 th Design Institute(Russian Federation Nuclear Energy Center-All-Russian Institute of Experimental Physics),leading the development of Soviet(Russia)nuclear weapons.This article mainly studies the scientific and technological research and organization and leadership activities of Harriton during the implementation of the Soviet nuclear program from 1945 to 1953,and explores its role and contribution to the development of Soviet nuclear weapons.This article includes three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.Chapter 1 is an introduction,explaining the significance of the topic selection,a brief review of the academic history at home and abroad,explaining the research methods and writing ideas of the article,and analyzing the innovations and deficiencies of this article.Chapters 2,3,4,and 5 are the main text.Among them,Chapter 2 mainly summarizes the development of the academic history of Soviet nuclear physics before the Second World War,and briefly introduces the state of Soviet nuclear physics research: representative scientists,major research institutions,and scientific achievements,and introduces Hareton’s life experience,academic Career and his academic status and research achievements in the Soviet physics community in the 1930 s.Chapter 3 mainly analyzes the relationship between Hareton and the full launch of the Soviet nuclear program.Before World War II,Soviet scientists represented by Harriton called on the Soviet government to develop nuclear weapons.During the interruption of nuclear research due to war,Harriton actively participated in national defense research.After nuclear research resumed,Hareton joined Lab 2 to continue nuclear research and went to Germany to inspect nuclear resources before the war ended.Chapter 4 studies the development of Hareton and the Soviet Union’s first atomic bomb.After the introduction of the Soviet nuclear program,Hareton became the chief designer of the11 th Design Institute and led the design of the atomic bomb for the development of nuclear weapons.He actively promoted the smooth development of scientific research,organized and cultivated reserve talents,and used his influence to protect scientific researchers from political persecution,which effectively guaranteed the completion of the atomic bomb development.He personally directed and led the Soviet Union’s first atomic bomb test.Chapter 5 examines the impetus of Harriton on the development of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb.Harriton used foreign nuclear intelligence combined with original theoretical research results to put forward the theory of light element nuclear explosion,and continued to lead the Soviet Union’s first hydrogen bomb configuration design and modification and upgrade work,which made important for the smooth development of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb contribution.The implementation of the Soviet nuclear program not only developed atomic bombs,hydrogen bombs,and nuclear reactors,created and improved the Soviet Union’s complete domestic nuclear industry system,broke the US nuclear monopoly and nuclear deterrence,but also greatly improved the politics of the Soviet Union and the entire socialist camp.The military status greatly affected the post-war world order and became an important factor in promoting the US-Soviet polar structure and the "cold war." And these are inseparable from the hard work and amazing wisdom of generations of Soviet scientists represented by Harriton.Hareton has made great contributions to the design and development of the first atomic bomb and the first hydrogen bomb of the Soviet Union,the creation of the Soviet nuclear industry system,and the development and improvement of nuclear weapon systems.