Kant's View Of Religion Based On Pure Reason

Kant's religious view is a kind of moral religious view based on pure reason.Through the examination of the nature of reason,Kant showed that theoretical reason could not establish the concept of the transcendent,and established the goal of practical reason--the supreme good.Kant established his ethical(moral)theology by taking the existence of god as a postulate necessary for the realization of the supreme good and proving the existence of god morally.By discussing the actuality of the realization of the supreme good,moral religion is established in the bounds of pure reason.This paper mainly discusses Kant's religious view from the following four parts:The first part introduces the theoretical origin of Kant's religious philosophy.Before the emergence of Kantian philosophy,the modern "rational theology"succeeded in destroying the illegal rule of faith on reason caused by Christian theology,but it failed to explain faith with reason.Kant's criticism of Christian theology begins with natural theology and mysticism.At the same time,Kant made a great correction to the rationalism of the enlightenment movement,and carried out a"Copernican revolution”in epistemology,morality and theology.Kant constructed his philosophical system from the rational criticism,and his religious philosophy was also established in the process of rational criticism.The second part explains the general ideas of traditional Christianity and Kant's reinterpretation of these ideas.In the philosophy of religion,"god" is the most important concept.In order to construct religious philosophy,Kant must explain the concept of "god".Traditional theological theorists put more emphasis on the metaphysical attribute of god,while Kant's moral religion puts more emphasis on the moral attribute of god.Only when god is the supreme moral ruler can he become our object of belief." Theodicy" is also an important theory in natural theology.Philosophers before Kant mostly provided philosophical justification for theodicy from the perspective of theology.In Kant's opinion,this theodicy is a kind of "didactic theodicy",which cannot make us understand god.Kant advocated a "truly believable theodicy" that appealed to "a god of moral and intellectual nature."The third part demonstrates how Kant constructed his religious philosophy from the perspective of pure reason.The argumentation in the first two chapters lays a theoretical foundation for Kant's religious philosophy.Kant argues that moral religion has its own logical process,and that the passage from morality to religion is the possible construction path of rational religion proved by critical philosophy.The critique of pure Reason raises the question of hope,and at the same time shows that theoretical reason cannot establish the concept of god,and the previous proofs of the existence of god are all false;The critique of practical Reason seeks a higher,moral,and holiest omnipotent being through the possible solution of the unconditional totality of the object of pure practical reason,which leads the focus of pure reason to ethical theology.In The critique of Judgment,by criticizing the teleology of nature,he goes to the teleology of morality,proves the existence of god in morality,and finally makes the transition from ethical theology to moral religion.The fourth part starts from Kant's book Religion within the Bounds of pure Reason and elaborates the general principles of Kant's moral religion.This chapter starts from the theory of good and evil of human nature,and through the analysis of the fundamental evil,explains that the realization of moral perfection must be based on the original endowment of good,complete a thorough change of mind,from evil to good.The perfection of human morality cannot be achieved through the moral efforts of individual people,but should be achieved through a good combination--ethical community.He contrasted religious belief with ecclesiastical belief,demanding that traditional ecclesiastical belief should be transformed into pure religious belief,keeping religion "within the bounds of pure reason".Man is to serve god according to the moral character required to be a qualified member of the kingdom of god,based on the principle of good.In religious affairs,follow the guidance of conscience to treat god,keep the integrity and piety of the heart,and refuse all false service to god.