The Change Of The Throne In The Ming Dynasty And The Diplomatic Response Of The Joseon Dynasty

In the twenty-fifth year of the reign of emperor Hongwu of the Ming dynasty(1392,the first year of the reign of king Taizu of the Joseon dynasty),the regime on the Korean peninsula changed from the Koryo dynasty to the Joseon dynasty,and the Ming dynasty established a tributary relationship with the Joseon dynasty.In the tribute system,the Joseon dynasty,as a vassal state of the Ming dynasty,asked the Ming dynasty to grant the title of king of the Joseon dynasty,payed tribute to the Ming dynasty regularly,and use the year of the Ming dynasty.The Ming dynasty had to bestow titles and awards on the Joseon dynasty,and to assume the responsibility of stabilizing order in the surrounding areas.Under the tributary system,when the throne of the Ming dynasty was replaced,the Ming dynasty had to issue the new emperor's edict and the deceased emperor's edict to the Joseon dynasty.The Ming dynasty issued 15 imperial edicts of ascending throne and 3 testamentary edicts to the Joseon dynasty.The Joseon dynasty was usually informed of the related information before the envoys of the Ming dynasty arrived.The main channel for the Joseon dynasty to obtain information was the various envoys sent to the Ming dynasty,and the main place to obtain information was the Liaodong region of the Ming dynasty.After receiving the news of the change of the throne in the Ming dynasty,the Joseon dynasty would make some preparations,including mourning for the deceased emperor,welcoming the envoys and edicts,and celebrating to the new emperor.After the official news reached the Joseon dynasty,the king of the Joseon dynasty would lead officials to hold mourning ceremonies for the deceased emperor,including mourning,wearing mourning clothes,crying,and removing mourning.After the envoys of the Ming dynasty arrived in the Joseon dynasty,the king of the Joseon dynasty would sent officials to meet them in Yizhou,The envoys of the Ming dynasty would communicate some details with the officials of the Joseon dynasty about the timing and etiquette of greeting the edict.The Joseon dynasty practiced etiquette after determining the time and protocol to receive the edict.Finally,the Joseon dynasty would greet the emperor's edict of the Ming dynasty according to etiquette.After the ceremony,the Joseon dynasty would arrange some banquets to receive the envoys of the Ming dynasty.The Joseon dynasty sent envoys to the Ming dynasty to show its sincerity.The time of departure of the envoys of the Joseon dynasty was related to the time when the envoys of the Ming dynasty came to the Joseon dynasty.When the throne of the Ming dynasty was changed,the Joseon dynasty would flexibly change its foreign policy towards the Ming dynasty.During the Jingnan period,the Joseon dynasty took advantage of the emperor Jianwen's demand for the support of the Joseon dynasty and the horses to get the king's golden seal and costume form the emperor of the Ming dynasty and also receive fugitives from the Liaodong area.After the Tumu crisis,the Joseon dynasty discovered the ruling crisis of the Ming dynasty.Meanwhile,the Joseon dynasty refused the orders of the emperor Jingtai about mobilizing the army,reduced the number of horses to the Ming dynasty,and had some disputes about etiquette with the envoys of the Ming dynasty.The king and officials of the Joseon dynasty did not approve of some decisions of the emperor Jiajing concerning the Great Ritual Controversy,but the king of the Joseon dynasty insisted on celebrating the emperor Jiajing.With the support of the emperor Jiajing,Joseon's defending against lineage has made some progress.During the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties,in the face of the Ming dynasty and the later Jin dynasty,the king Guanghai of the Joseon dynasty adopted Two-side Diplomatic policy.Although king Guanghai sent troops to help the Ming dynasty,but secretly colluded with the later Jin dynasty.This behavior became an important reason for the loss of the throne of king Guanghai.King Renzu of Joseon dynasty adopted a policy of getting close to the Ming dynasty,and was always actively helping the Ming dynasty to fight later Jin(Qing).King Renzu provided a lot of human and material resources for the Ming dynasty,which resulted in two wars.Eventually,the Joseon dynasty and Qing dynasty established tributary relations,but the people of the Joseon dynasty didn't really recognize the Qing dynasty psychologically.For a long period of time,under the influence of the “Xiao Zhonghua”Mind,the Joseon dynasty used to maintained the diplomatic psychology of recalling the Ming dynasty.