Xi Lun And The Northwest Frontier In The Late Qing Dynasty

After several years' war during the region of Qing Emperor Tongzhi and Guangxu,Xinjiang returned to Qing government again.In 1884,Qing government began to establish provincial system in Xinjiang and the history of Xinjiang entered into a new chapter.From 1868,Xi Lun acted as Burutokay grand assistant administrator,Kumul grand assistant administrator,Urumchi leader administrator and Gucheng leader administrator.During that time,Xi Lun supressed the upring of Burutokay and Yakub rebellion.He made great efforts to the Xinjiang's back to Qing government.In October 1877,owing to the former Tarbagatay counselor minister Ying Lian's mistake in dealing with frontier issues,Xi Lun was appointed to Tarbagatay counselor minister.During the 8 years as counselor minister,Xi Lun built goverment office and soldiers' houses,eliminated the remnants of Bai Yanhu,guarded Russian positively.By doing this,Xi Lun stabilized social order and developed economy of Tarbagatay.In 1888,Ying Yong in Yili mutinied,Qing government nominated Xi Lun as general of Yili.The main reason maybe was the event was emergency.What's more,Xi Lun's loyalty to Qing government and his eight excellent official duties in Tarbagatay contributed to it.Gifted in cultural and military affairs,Qing government didn't nominate him at long last.This was an unusual appointment in the history of general of Yili.Maybe the true reason was related to the complicated situations of Yili and Tarbagatay at that time.When Xi Lun was the general of Yili,he disposed the event that Ying Yong in Yili mutinied,stationed troops and opened up lands,consolidated the army,enhanced defence and security,dealt with Si Yazi case in Yili,refused to give back Habahe land.In June 1888,owing to his long illness,Xi Lun passed away.However,Qing government cancelled the reward to Xi Lun at long last.We can have a better understanding about Qing government's attitude on managing officials in northwestern frontier from studying on Xi Lun.Meanwhile,we will have a deep and clear understanding about the history in Xinjiang in late Qing dynasty.