A Study On The List System Under The Perspective Of Intergovernmental Vertical Allocation Of Duties

Compared with the governments of other countries that have opened the road of reform since 1980 s,the Chinese government not only has the general reform conditions in the process of reform,but also has to deal with some special problems because of the multiple contradictions between the system and the environment.Adjusting the longitudinal intergovernmental relations to form a reasonable responsibility allocation system has become an important part of the Chinese government reform.The List System arises from the requirement of standardization of power operation in the development of modern government.Its core function,adjusting the duty structure of the government,has emerged with the advance of reform.Because the List System is a significant system innovation,it is necessary to make a thorough and detailed study on it,including research both on stage and long term orientation and on specific operation link.In the field of government reform,the List System did not take long to come into being,not to mention the research on the adjustment of the government's vertical relationship which is in the initial stage of exploration.The research includes two main directions.The first one is the positioning and value of the List System,including the disclosure of government information,the government self-reform and the power balance angle.The second one is concrete operation based on some kind of location which includes the subject,the Standards and procedures as well as the supporting measures.Root in the practice of government,the List System have obvious features that practical exploration is closely connected with theoretical research.In fact,the behavior of government not only enriches the research but also limits it.It is necessary to break the superficial "shortsightedness" and to touch the essence of power effectively in the study of the List System.The List can be deconstructed into two levels,based on the present location,which are duties and powers.According to the characteristics of powers and duties,the formation of clear responsibility,longitudinal mutual cooperation relationship among governments has become an important stage for the jump between the List and the List System.In this process,summing up duties from all kinds of powers to form a general level of duties is a basic work.The carding work for powers has been launched in the Chinese government at all levels,which is a major progress in building the List System.In order to verify the possibility of the level of duties,inducing the practices in the List System horizontally and longitudinally,combined with the experience of foreign governments' reform,has become a main part of the research.The practice of the List System in China can be divided to three stages according to the standard reform priorities,which shows that the core function of the List System is division of duties.The content of duties level is further subdivided by the research of technical details and case study.The implementation of the List System has showed the general problems of reform to some extent: one is the "emergency reform" produced by local governments for the compulsory implementation by central government;one is disguised boycott from local governments for the top-down uniform reform carried out by central government.From the perspective of institutional change,the List System reform should follow a progressive path from the Mandatory Change to the Induce Change which contains applying moderate pressure from top to bottom in the early stage where the top-level design of standards and procedures is focused and driving itself to run with the dividend released by the system and the benign competition of local government after the formation of the system.It is important to form a path of Function-Institution Change with Chinese characteristics to drive continuous institutional change by the realization of function,which is based on the sustained participation of central government and enthusiasm of local governments.Finally,everything back to the consciousness.Although it is still in its early stages of exploration,the influencing factors are complex and the development is very fast.Strengthening the concept of duty and weakening that of power,it is indispensable to make a deeper and more detailed study of the List System under the perspective of allocation of duties.