An Analysis On Social Cleavage And The Causes Of Terrorism

With the continuous spread of terrorism,finding the causes of terrorism has become the premise of effective response to terrorism.Starting from the existing researches,this paper analyzes and responds to two questions:first,on the national level,what are the causes of domestic terrorism?Second,on the international level,what are the causes of transnational terrorism?Starting from these issues,this paper firstly makes an in-depth arrangement and summary analysis on a large number of literature materials about the study of terrorism.And based on the existing terrorism statistics of various countries,this paper analyzes the terrorist activities in India and Europe.We find there is a link between social cleavage and terrorism.Based on this finding,this paper collates and uses the statistical data of the GTD terrorism database from 1990 to 2017 at the domestic and international levels.At national level,the number of attacks and the number of deaths in each country in the past year are taken as the main dependent variables:at international level,the number of transnational terrorist attacks and the number of deaths are taken as the main dependent variables.The independent variable is built around social cleavage.In terms of national social cleavage,the main indicators are economy(GINI coefficient),politics(number of political parties)and population(racial-religious diversity).In terms of the international level(taking the country as the unit),the degree of economic difference and the degree of democracy score difference among countries are the main indicators.Based on these data,multiple linear regression was performed for the variables in this paper.The paper finds that there is a positive correlation between the degree of social cleavage and terrorism,that is,the higher the degree of social and political cleavage in the country,the greater the probability that people become terrorists.The greater the degree of cleavage in the international level,the higher the probability that terrorists will launch terrorist attacks against other countries.Specifically,in terms of domestic social cleavage,GINI coefficient and number of political parties are positively correlated with terrorism.At national level,the political level is the main cause of domestic terrorism,meanwhile,political and economic interest conflicts are the dominant factor behind the racial-religious conflict.At the international level,the degree of economic difference between countries is positively correlated with terrorism,and the degree of economic difference between countries is the main cause of transnational terrorism.